TrinityRevisionalUpdates

.htm The Big Compare- Word Definitions with the Best

 WORDdefining-BestBibleDictionariesPLUS.htm-BiblicalLOGISTICS.htm Many dates after the chart

The Nicene_Creed Revisional Updates- What are they? + The Big Compare -Groups 1

Who Came the Real Jesus or God the Son. The Chart Below to Compare Word Definitions 1 1-The original Nicene Creed of 325

Then You Can Open each in Content from Nomenclature 1988_ecumenical_version and Lutheran_Service_Book 2006. + more-

This Raises the Question?-Why is it necessary to keep revising the Nicene Creed Century after Century?

 Why? From (325 AD) ArianismGD.htm Arius collapsed and died while walking through the streets of Constantinople in 336.When Constantine died in 337, In 350 Constantius II became sole ruler of the empire, in 357, Constantius' death in 361, the Emperor Valens (364-378) 367-383) and Theodosius I (379-395) 381 the Second Ecumenical Council met at Constantinople. Arianism was proscribed and the Nicene Creed was approved. Details in ArianismGD.htm (381 AD) (451 AD) (500 AD) (529 AD) (533 AD (600 AD) 681 AD)  (753 AD)  (787 AD)

 + Open history.html#creeds+ Nomenclature

Arianism was a fourth century Christian movement begun, in part, by a Libyan Presbyter by the name of Arius (250-336).Open History

Arius and His followers did not consider His Biblical Theology of (Open)*GOD defined*was heretic Theology.

Plus The Creed of Ulfilas or Wulfila--He Lived From ( 310 - 383) A.D.From Study wordiq.com/definition/Ulfilas

It Is Note-Worthy (Modern_English_Bible_translations) That Many Bible Translators and Publishers down through the Centuries did not make good accurate Foot-Notes or Were not allowed to-(Example Open) King_James_Version_of_the_Bible & (bible03b.htm) & King James

Also Read HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm  Imaginary Concepts should be listed as such --as a second possibility at best and as a note foot, and

Not as Holy Doctrine By God’s Written Inspired Words-history/creed.apost.proofs.html -history/nicene.html  (Revising Opinions)

 1-Now That We Are In The Communication Age We Can *Examine * Everything Ourselves The Expository Library 20.htm

A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith.

        The Nicene Creeds--------------------------Compare The Second Group Ulfilas or Wulfila and the Apostles' Creed.

Group 1 2.3 Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381 + More

 

PlusOthers.htm are GodHead Believers

1988 ecumenical version------------------------- -------      Compare Nicene_Creed#History

                                                                                           This Side Non-GodHead Believers

We believe in one God, ---------------------------------------------------------Open*GOD defined* BiblicalTheology  and Theology.htm

the Father, the Almighty,

maker of heaven and earth,

of all that is, seen and unseen.------------------ ----------------------------Source.htm-Ps36-9.htm-

 

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, -------------------------------------SonsOfGod.htm- IsJesusRealToYouPart 2.

the only Son of God, ---------------------------------------------------------------Prov8-22.htm-JOHN3-16.htm-SonsOfGod.htm

            eternally begotten of the Father, -----------------------------------------------EternalSonOfGod.htm-WhatIsagod.htm

 

            God from God, Light from Light, ------------------------------------------------GodtheSon.htm

 

            true God from true God, -- ------------------------------------------------- UnbiblicalWordsThatInvalidateGodsWords.htm

begotten, not made, -- -------------------- ---------      Prov8-22.htm-JOHN3-16.htm EternalSonOfGod.htm-WhatIsagod.htm

                                                                       John1-1-18 + in AonlyBegottenSonOrgodGod.htm

                                                                          

                                                                  

            of one Being with the Father;------------------------------Oneness.htm-TheMysteryGroupBelievers.htm- AFact.htm

 

through him all things were made.---------------------------------Col1-15.htm-The ALPHAandTheOMEGA.htm

                                                                                                   JesusHasTwoBeginningsBothScriptural.htm

For us and for our salvation

he came down from heaven, -------------------Who Came the Real Jesus or GodtheSon.htm- Is Jesus Real To You 

was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary

and became truly human.

For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate;

he suffered death and was buried.

On the third day he rose again

in accordance with the Scriptures;

he ascended into heaven

and is seated at the right hand of the Father.---------------------------------------- The ALPHAandTheOMEGA.htm

He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, -Who is He-DenyingJesusLife.htm is DenyingJesus.htm

and his kingdom will have no end. ------------------------------------------------------1 Cor 15:24 open In Context

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,

who proceeds from the Father and the Son,

            who with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified,

                                                                                              ---Who Jesus Said To Worship King Jesus Has Spoken. PROSKUNEO

                                                                                                  PROSKUNEO.htm BestBiblesPlus.htm  Study 67.htm--

                                                                        

            who has spoken through the prophets.--------------------Heb 1-3 Heb1-3.htm Vine’s substance  Greek Homoousion 

                                                                          The False-Imaginary-Images Of God’s Head Study Images of God’s Head                                                                                                            

 

We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church.  

We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.

We look for the resurrection of the dead,

and the life of the world to come. Amen -1988 ecumenical version- 1 -The original Nicene Creed of 325

            Ask your selfIs it the perfect GOD that has done this ---(Open and Study) The GWGPNC- Rule.htm   

       Amen -1988 ecumenical version- 1 -The original Nicene Creed of 325                               

                                                              Very Important-History Disclosure

Pre-Existence Of Christ--Many believe-- There is no question that Jesus “existed” before the world began. But did he exist literally as

a person or in God’s foreknowledge, “in the mind of God?” Both Christ and the Body of Christ, and the Church, existed in God’s foreknowledge

Some believe Jesus didn’t exist as a real separate Spirit Being (Person) until He was born of Mary –Died and then went to Heaven

And became the Spirit Being Jesus that is in the Book of Revelations and He is one with the Father.

                                                

                                                    Group 2

The Creed of Ulfilas or Wulfila--He Lived From ( 310 - 383) A.D. From wordiq.com/definition/Ulfilas

Compare http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologetics and 1 -The original Nicene Creed of 325

"I believe that there is only one God the Father, alone unbegotten and invisible, and in His only-begotten Son, our Lord and God, creator and maker of all things, not having any like unto Him. Therefore there is one God of all, who is also God of our God, And I believe in one Holy Spirit, an enlightening and sanctifying power. As Christ says after the resurrection to his Apostles: "Behold I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be clothed with power from on high." (Luke 24.49) 24:49 And again: "And ye shall receive power coming upon you by the Holy Spirit." (Acts 1.8) 1:8Neither God nor Lord, but the faithful minister of Christ; not equal, but subject and obedient in all things to the Son. And I believe the Son to be subject and obedient in all things to God the Father."  From wordiq.com/definition/Ulfilas 

Sbt Notes the words only one God the Father, alone unbegotten and invisible, Point Is -God and all His created Spirit Creature (Beings) are invisible and only the Holy Verses explain their existence ---Creeds my man are invalid and especially when Bible Publishers fail to disclose accurate Foot-Notes on and page that can explain the Original Manuscript Writtings—Open and Study AllManuscriptsWereWrittenInAllCaps.htm-John-20-28.htm TRINITY invisible

 GODorgod.htm- A-Fact.htm- Who is printing Bibles Right Open-IntroductionForConcernedStudents.htm Did Jesus Create Himself? FirstBorn.htm and 45.htm-

Point (2 )of FourMainPoints.htm . The Son is Created 'Ex Nihilo' of Arius

Second of all, since the Son had a beginning and was created by the Father, he must have been created out of nothing like the rest of creation. As scandalous as this may have sounded to Arius' opponents, Arius was firm in his declaration that the Son "having not existed, attained existence by the Father's will."[21] The Logos was the 'son' of God, not in the sense of biological generation, but in the extended meaning of the word in designation of all believers, or adoptive sons of God. The term has this meaning in Arian proof texts such as Deuteronomy 14:1, "You are children of the Lord your God," and John 1:12, "But to all who received [the Son], who believe in his name, he gave power to become children of God." The relationship between the redeemer and God was "by participation in the Spirit," "by a participation of grace," "a certain grace and habit of virtue," "by adoption," "by free gift of God," "named Word and Son according to grace," "grace by acquisition," "grace as an accident," and so on. [22] From FourMainPoints.htm of Arius-

Also Read Part 1 in 58.htm And GOD defined* BiblicalTheology  and Theology.htm

Note ----If Jesus was not created by the Father---When He Is The Father---and that means there never was a Real Jesus.

Compare IsJesusRealToYouPart 2. and Who is He-DenyingJesusLife.htm is DenyingJesus.htm

 

begotten, not made, or made --------------------- Prov8-22.htm-JOHN3-16.htm-SonsOfGod.htm-EternalSonOfGod.htm-WhatIsagod.htm

TheMysteryGroupBelievers.htm- AFact.htm JesusHasTwoBeginningsBothScriptural.htm -- John1--1-18-

Open FirstBorn.htm+

HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm Next Is For The Apostles' Creed + more

(325 AD) (381 AD) (381 AD) (451 AD) (500 AD) (529 AD) (533 AD (600 AD) 681 AD)  (753 AD)  (787 AD)+

Start Click on the numbers

The Apostolic Creed history/creed.apost.proofs.html

I believe in God the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth[1][1][1]; and in Jesus Christ his only Son[2][2][2], our Lord[3][3][3]; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost[4][4][4], born of the Virgin Mary[5][5][5]; suffered under Pontius Pilate[6][6][6], was crucified[7][7][7], dead[8][8][8], and buried[9][9][9]; he descended into hell[10][10][10]: the third day he rose again from the dead[11][11][11]; he ascended into heaven[12][12][12], and sitteth on the right hand of God[13][13][13] the Father almighty; from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead[14][14][14]. I believe in the Holy Ghost[15][15][15]; the holy catholic church[16][16][16]; the communion of saints[17][17][17]; the forgiveness of sins[18][18][18]; the resurrection of the body[19][19][19]; and the life everlasting[20][20][20]. Amen.  It Is Note-Worthy That

No God the Son in this CREED God-the-Son. history/creed.apost.proofs.html

58.htm The Reason Why Most Churches Teach People That Jesus Is God- 58.htm

 

4. Creeds And Canons

 


5. Later Text

 

  • The Summa Theologica [1265/1266-1273] (translated by Fathers of the English Dominican): Aquinas' classical exposition of the theology of the Roman Catholic Church. Aquinas is known for his development of a systematic theology based on reason and faith.
  • (Gregory of Nyssa) [ca 330-395] One of the Cappadocian Fathers. Deposed by Arian bishops in 376 because he supported the Nicene faith, but he regained his position win 378. His style was devotional and he tended toward spiritualizing.

6. Related Documents

 


7. Miscellaneous Documents

 


8. Relevant Internet Sites

·  Apologia

·  The Ecole Initiative Building a Hypertext Encyclopedia of Early Church History.

·  Doctrine of the Trinity, by Dr. Francis Beckwith

·  The Church Fathers page, Wesley Center for Applied Theology, Northwest Nazarene College.

·  CHURCHRODENT: R.A. Tatum's Glossary of Church History

·  The Early Church Fathers collection at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Wheaton College.

·  The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, a comprehensive project that includes Readings in Medieval History, Full Texts for Readings, etc.

·  The Christian History Institute provides an ample archive of Church History documents for all periods of history in its Glimpses archive. Particularly germaine are two sections on Early Church History that include: Foundations of Our Faith, Whatever Happened to the Twelve Apostles?, The Spread of the Early Church, Accusation, The Canon, and biographical information on Polycarp, Constantine, Clement of Rome, Justin Martyr, Blandina, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, Jerome.


[ICLnet Home Page] | [Christian Resource Guide] | [Comments]

 

      

4.6 1988 ecumenical version-------------------------Compare ------------------------SbtsCommentaryNote.htm--

What Happen to the Words Only Begotten (in John 1-18) Open and Study-JOHN3-16.htm

In Most Bibles Check out Open*GOD defined* and Theology.htm--Example1Jn1-1.htm

FormWikipedia’s article Only Begotten Open

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#Controversy_over_definition_of_.22Christian.22

Compare all Open BestnonTrinitarianOnenessBibles.

Why is it that is necessary to keep revising the Nicene Creed Century after Century? (Revising Opinions) Why?

Answer The Nicene Creeds are the product of Imaginary Concepts & Intentional Fallacy

 

Stimulating the imagination. 

1A-Introduction to (Phantom Teachings) Phantom Teachings are the product of Imaginary Concepts & Intentional Fallacy.

First realistic view is to recognize that Humans can not see GOD or any so-called Spirit False

gods and that stimulates the imagination. Man can only Imagin what has been told Him about GOD or false gods

through the Religions of the world. The Christian Holy Writings are the best source to study –but the Devil’s

 Seed at Gen 3:15. The Devil’s Seed Defined by SBT Simplified Commentary Is (Spirit Beings and Humans

Beings that live by Satan’s influence and Imitate Him wittingly and unwittingly)

Compare FREEasGOD.htm. JFB -> Commentary on 3:15 + More open Gen 3:15.-

 A false god is any Spirit god or Humans that has been called a god accept Jesus Study WhatIsagod.htm

SBT ((Preface.htm) maintains that biggest culprits are the Bible Publishers that do not Disclose Accurate Information

On How the original manuscripts were written and proper word definitions to fit the context in Foot Note or

in Printed Bibles Online or in Hard Book-- Especially those that have Strong's N0's and other

Bible dictionaries and Bible Encyclopedias linked in. Commentaries.htm

Sbt doesn't claim perfection but Bible Translators and Publishers will be accountable to Jehovah for their intentional errors (Open Intentional fallacy) Sample in Rev3-14.htm--  and it is every true Christians duty to let one another know what they have learned and share it with others --that's why Sbt was brought forth--Not to Judge and execute penalty --that's Jesus'

Job 2Thess1-6-9.htm Study HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm and BiblePublishersAccountableToWho.htm.

IntroductionForConcernedStudents.htm--- Open Introduction.htm Plus SbtsCommentaryNote.htm

Especially the Online Bibles with Strong’s and Other DictionaryExample.htm Words that need to be clarified in

Foot-Note and Commentators.htm-Commentaries.htm-SbtsCommentaryNote.htm

1988 ecumenical version

The English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC), the successor body to ICET, published in 1988 the book Praying Together, which included a revision of the 1975 ICET text,[5] which is given below. This has not been widely accepted without modifications that vary between the Churches: see, for instance, the discussion within The ELLC Texts: A Survey of Use and Variation.

The version of the Roman Missal used in the United States was prepared before the 1975 ICET text of the Creed was decided: it contains an earlier (1973) ICET draft. The points (apart from an American spelling) where it differs from the later version, used by the Catholic Church elsewhere, are here indicated in italics.

"Of one Being with the Father" (1975) replaced "one in Being with the Father" (1973), which, when spoken, could be confused with "one, in being with the Father".

"He became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man" (1975) replaced "He was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man" (1973): neither Greek "σαρκωθέντα" nor Latin "incarnatus" means "born", and the 1973 text linked hominization ("became man") with birth ("he was born").

"He suffered death and was buried" (1975) replaced "he suffered, died, and was buried" (1973): "παθόντα" in Greek and "passus" in Latin are indicative of a suffering demise; but the 1973 draft inserted an extra verb, "died", not present in the original Greek or Latin.

We believe in one God,

the Father, the Almighty

maker of heaven and earth,

of all that is seen and unseen.

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,

the only Son of God,

eternally begotten of the Father,

God from God, Light from Light,

true God from true God,

begotten, not made,

one in Being with the Father.

 

Through him all things were made.

For us men and for our salvation

he came down from heaven

by the power of the Holy Spirit

he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man.

For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate;

he suffered, died, and was buried.

On the third day he rose again

in fulfilment of the Scriptures;

he ascended into heaven

and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,

and his kingdom will have no end.

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of Life,

who proceeds from the Father and the Son.

With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified.

He has spoken through the Prophets.

We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church.

We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.

We look for the resurrection of the dead,

and the life of the world to come. Amen

 

 

Lutheran Service Book (2006)

I believe in one God,

the Father Almighty,

maker of heaven and earth

and of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ,

the only-begotten Son of God,

begotten of His Father before all worlds,

God of God, Light of Light,

very God of very God,

begotten, not made,

being of one substance with the Father,

by whom all things were made;

who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven

and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary

and was made man;

and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate.

He suffered and was buried.

And the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures

and ascended into heaven

and sits at the right hand of the Father.

And He will come again with glory to judge both the living and the dead,

whose kingdom will have no end.

And I believe in the Holy Spirit,

the Lord and giver of life,

who proceeds from the Father and the Son,

who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified,

who spoke by the prophets.

And I believe in one holy Christian and apostolic Church,

I acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins,

and I look for the resurrection of the dead

and the life † of the world to come. Amen.[11]

Polycarp’s Writings - Polycarp -Who Was Part of The Original 1st & 2nd Century Christian Church

           (*born ~70 A.D or 69ca* died (martyred) 155 A.D in Rome) Then Read Tertullian (ca. 155230)

                                 Open Polycarp.htm-Polycarp8-1Plus.htm  Then Read Tertullian (ca. 155230)

Jesus Came In The Flesh-No Mention of (God YHWH 010.htm) Came in The Flesh in Polycarp’s

Writings as Christendom Teaches. SBT is The YHWH TETRAGRAMMATON Testifier of The Theology-of GOD Open GOD

                                                                                    Tertullian (ca. 155230)

He introduced the term Trinity (Theophilius to Autolycus - 115-181 - introduced the word Trinity in his Book 2, chapter 15 on the creation of the 4th day) as the Latin trinitas, to the Christian vocabulary[2] and also probably the formula "three Persons, one Substance" as the Latin "tres Personae, una Substantia" (itself from the Koine Greek "treis Hypostases, Homoousios"), and also the terms vetus testamentum ("old testament") and novum testamentum ("new testament").For Full article Open http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian

 

 

                                   The Ante-Nicene Christian library 0-325 The Apostolic Fathers

                                          http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.toc.html

                          

          Open Table of Contents Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)

Click to expand or collapse this itemTitle Page

Preface

Introductory Notice

Click to expand or collapse this itemCLEMENT OF ROME

Introductory Note to the First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

Click to expand or collapse this itemFirst Epistle to the Corinthians

Chapter I.—The salutation. Praise of the Corinthians before the breaking forth of schism among them.

Chapter II.—Praise of the Corinthians continued.

Chapter III.—The sad state of the Corinthian church after sedition arose in it from envy and emulation.

Chapter IV.—Many evils have already flowed from this source in ancient times.

Chapter V.—No less evils have arisen from the same source in the most recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul.

Chapter VI.—Continuation. Several other martyrs.

Chapter VII.—An exhortation to repentance.

Chapter VIII.—Continuation respecting repentance.

Chapter IX.—Examples of the saints.

Chapter X.—Continuation of the above.

Chapter XI.—Continuation. Lot.

Chapter XII.—The rewards of faith and hospitality. Rahab.

Chapter XIII.—An exhortation to humility.

Chapter XIV.—We should obey God rather than the authors of sedition.

Chapter XV.—We must adhere to those who cultivate peace, not to those who merely pretend to do so.

Chapter XVI.—Christ as an example of humility.

Chapter XVII.—The saints as examples of humility.

Chapter XVIII.—David as an example of humility.

Chapter XIX.—Imitating these examples, let us seek after peace.

Chapter XX.—The peace and harmony of the universe.

Chapter XXI.—Let us obey God, and not the authors of sedition.

Chapter XXII.—These exhortations are confirmed by the Christian faith, which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct.

Chapter XXIII.—Be humble, and believe that Christ will come again.

Chapter XXIV.—God continually shows us in nature that there will be a resurrection.

Chapter XXV.—The phœnix an emblem of our resurrection.

Chapter XXVI.—We shall rise again, then, as the Scripture also testifies.

Chapter XXVII.—In the hope of the resurrection, let us cleave to the omnipotent and omniscient God.

Chapter XXVIII.—God sees all things: therefore let us avoid transgression.

Chapter XXIX.—Let us also draw near to God in purity of heart.

Chapter XXX.—Let us do those things that please God, and flee from those He hates, that we may be blessed.

Chapter XXXI.—Let us see by what means we may obtain the divine blessing.

Chapter XXXII.—We are justified not by our own works, but by faith.

Chapter XXXIII.—But let us not give up the practice of good works and love. God Himself is an example to us of good works.

Chapter XXXIV.—Great is the reward of good works with God. Joined together in harmony, let us implore that reward from Him.

Chapter XXXV.—Immense is this reward. How shall we obtain it?

Chapter XXXVI.—All blessings are given to us through Christ.

Chapter XXXVII.—Christ is our leader, and we His soldiers.

Chapter XXXVIII.—Let the members of the Church submit themselves, and no one exalt himself above another.

Chapter XXXIX.—There is no reason for self-conceit.

Chapter XL.—Let us preserve in the Church the order appointed by God.

Chapter XLI.—Continuation of the same subject.

Chapter XLII.—The order of ministers in the Church.

Chapter XLIII.—Moses of old stilled the contention which arose concerning the priestly dignity.

Chapter XLIV.—The ordinances of the apostles, that there might be no contention respecting the priestly office.

Chapter XLV.—It is the part of the wicked to vex the righteous.

Chapter XLVI.—Let us cleave to the righteous: your strife is pernicious.

Chapter XLVII.—Your recent discord is worse than the former which took place in the times of Paul.

Chapter XLVIII.—Let us return to the practice of brotherly love.

Chapter XLIX.—The praise of love.

Chapter L.—Let us pray to be thought worthy of love.

Chapter LI.—Let the partakers in strife acknowledge their sins.

Chapter LII.—Such a confession is pleasing to God.

Chapter LIII.—The love of Moses towards his people.

Chapter LIV.—He who is full of love will incur every loss, that peace may be restored to the Church.

Chapter LV.—Examples of such love.

Chapter LVI.—Let us admonish and correct one another.

Chapter LVII.—Let the authors of sedition submit themselves.

Chapter LVIII.—Blessings sought for all that call upon God.

Chapter LIX.—The Corinthians are exhorted speedily to send back word that peace has been restored. The benediction.

Click to expand or collapse this itemMATHETES

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Diognetus

Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.

Chapter II.—The vanity of idols.

Chapter III.—Superstitions of the Jews.

Chapter IV.—The other observances of the Jews.

Chapter V.—The manners of the Christians.

Chapter VI.—The relation of Christians to the world.

Chapter VII.—The manifestation of Christ.

Chapter VIII.—The miserable state of men before the coming of the Word.

Chapter IX.—Why the Son was sent so late.

Chapter X.—The blessings that will flow from faith.

Chapter XI.—These things are worthy to be known and believed.

Chapter XII.—The importance of knowledge to true spiritual life.

Click to expand or collapse this itemPOLYCARP

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philippians

Chapter I.—Praise of the Philippians.

Chapter II.—An exhortation to virtue.

Chapter III.—Expressions of personal unworthiness.

Chapter IV.—Various exhortations.

Chapter V.—The duties of deacons, youths, and virgins.

Chapter VI.—The duties of presbyters and others.

Chapter VII.—Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere in fasting and prayer.

Chapter VIII.—Persevere in hope and patience.

Chapter IX.—Patience inculcated.

Chapter X.—Exhortation to the practice of virtue.

Chapter XI.—Expression of grief on account of Valens.

Chapter XII.—Exhortation to various graces.

Chapter XIII.—Concerning the transmission of epistles.

Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.

Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Polycarp

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Martyrdom of Polycarp

Chapter I.—Subject of which we write.

Chapter II.—The wonderful constancy of the martyrs.

Chapter III.—The constancy of Germanicus. The death of Polycarp is demanded.

Chapter IV.—Quintus the apostate.

Chapter V.—The departure and vision of Polycarp.

Chapter VI.—Polycarp is betrayed by a servant.

Chapter VII.—Polycarp is found by his pursuers.

Chapter VIII.—Polycarp is brought into the city.

Chapter IX.—Polycarp refuses to revile Christ.

Chapter X.—Polycarp confesses himself a Christian.

Chapter XI.—No threats have any effect on Polycarp.

Chapter XII.—Polycarp is sentenced to be burned.

Chapter XIII.—The funeral pile is erected.

Chapter XIV.—The prayer of Polycarp.

Chapter XV.—Polycarp is not injured by the fire.

Chapter XVI.—Polycarp is pierced by a dagger.

Chapter XVII.—The Christians are refused Polycarp’s body.

Chapter XVIII.—The body of Polycarp is burned.

Chapter XIX.—Praise of the martyr Polycarp.

Chapter XX.—This epistle is to be transmitted to the brethren.

Chapter XXI.—The date of the martyrdom.

Chapter XXII.—Salutation.

Click to expand or collapse this itemIGNATIUS

Introductory Note to the Epistles of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Ephesians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter II.—Congratulations and entreaties.

Chapter III.—Exhortations to unity.

Chapter IV.—The same continued.

Chapter V.—The praise of unity.

Chapter VI.—Have respect to the bishop as to Christ Himself.

Chapter VII.—Beware of false teachers.

Chapter VIII.—Renewed praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter IX.—Ye have given no heed to false teachers.

Chapter X.—Exhortations to prayer, humility, etc.

Chapter XI.—An exhortation to fear God, etc.

Chapter XII.—Praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter XIII.—Exhortation to meet together frequently for the worship of God.

Chapter XIV.—Exhortations to faith and love.

Chapter XV.—Exhortation to confess Christ by silence as well as speech.

Chapter XVI.—The fate of false teachers.

Chapter XVII.—Beware of false doctrines.

Chapter XVIII.—The glory of the cross.

Chapter XIX.—Three celebrated mysteries.

Chapter XX.—Promise of another letter.

Chapter XX.—Exhortations to stedfastness and unity.

Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Magnesians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Reason of writing the epistle.

Chapter II.—I rejoice in your messengers.

Chapter III.—Honour your youthful bishop.

Chapter IV.—Some wickedly act independently of the bishop.

Chapter V.—Death is the fate of all such.

Chapter VI.—Preserve harmony.

Chapter VII.—Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters.

Chapter VIII.—Caution against false doctrines.

Chapter IX.—Let us live with Christ.

Chapter X.—Beware of Judaizing.

Chapter XI.—I write these things to warn you.

Chapter XII.—Ye are superior to me.

Chapter XIII.—Be established in faith and unity.

Chapter XIV.—Your prayers requested.

Chapter XV.—Salutations.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of their excellence.

Chapter II.—Be subject to the bishop, etc.

Chapter III.—Honour the deacons, etc.

Chapter IV.—I have need of humility.

Chapter V.—I will not teach you profound doctrines.

Chapter VI.—Abstain from the poison of heretics.

Chapter VII.—The same continued.

Chapter VIII.—Be on your guard against the snares of the devil.

Chapter IX.—Reference to the history of Christ.

Chapter X.—The reality of Christ’s passion.

Chapter XI.—Avoid the deadly errors of the Docetæ.

Chapter XII.—Continue in unity and love.

Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Romans: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—As a prisoner, I hope to see you.

Chapter II.—Do not save me from martyrdom.

Chapter III.—Pray rather that I may attain to martyrdom.

Chapter IV.—Allow me to fall a prey to the wild beasts.

Chapter V.—I desire to die.

Chapter VI.—By death I shall attain true life.

Chapter VII.—Reason of desiring to die.

Chapter VIII.—Be ye favourable to me.

Chapter IX.—Pray for the church in Syria.

Chapter X.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Praise of the bishop.

Chapter II.—Maintain union with the bishop.

Chapter III.—Avoid schismatics.

Chapter IV.—Have but one Eucharist, etc.

Chapter V.—Pray for me.

Chapter VI.—Do not accept Judaism.

Chapter VII.—I have exhorted you to unity.

Chapter VIII.—The same continued.

Chapter IX.—The Old Testament is good: the New Testament is better.

Chapter X.—Congratulate the inhabitants of Antioch on the close of the persecution.

Chapter XI.—Thanks and salutation.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Thanks to God for your faith.

Chapter II.—Christ’s true passion.

Chapter III.—Christ was possessed of a body after His resurrection.

Chapter IV.—Beware of these heretics.

Chapter V.—Their dangerous errors.

Chapter VI—Unbelievers in the blood of Christ shall be condemned.

Chapter VII.—Let us stand aloof from such heretics.

Chapter VIII.—Let nothing be done without the bishop.

Chapter IX.—Honour the bishop.

Chapter X.—Acknowledgment of their kindness.

Chapter XI.—Request to them to send a messenger to Antioch.

Chapter XII.—Salutations.

Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Polycarp: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Commendation and exhortation.

Chapter II.—Exhortations.

Chapter III.—Exhortations.

Chapter IV.—Exhortations.

Chapter V.—The duties of husbands and wives.

Chapter VI.—The duties of the Christian flock.

Chapter VII.—Request that Polycarp would send a messenger to Antioch.

Chapter VIII.—Let other churches also send to Antioch.

Introductory Note to the Syriac Version of the Ignatian Epistles

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Polycarp: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter II.

Chapter III.

Chapter IV.

Chapter V.

Chapter VI.

Chapter VII.

Chapter VIII.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Ephesians: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter III.

Chapter VIII.

Chapter IX.

Chapter X.

Chapter XIV.

Chapter XV.

Chapter XVIII.

Chapter XIX.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Romans: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter II.

Chapter III.

Chapter IV.

Chapter V.

Chapter VI.

Chapter VII.

Chapter IX.

Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Tarsians

Chapter I.—His own sufferings: exhortation to stedfastness.

Chapter II.—Cautions against false doctrine.

Chapter III.—The true doctrine respecting Christ.

Chapter IV.—Continuation.

Chapter V.—Refutation of the previously mentioned errors.

Chapter VI.—Continuation.

Chapter VII.—Continuation.

Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to holiness and good order.

Chapter IX.—Exhortations to the discharge of relative duties.

Chapter X.—Salutations.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Antiochians

Chapter I.—Cautions against error.

Chapter II.—The true doctrine respecting God and Christ.

Chapter III.—The same continued.

Chapter IV.—Continuation.

Chapter V.—Denunciation of false teachers.

Chapter VI.—Renewed cautions.

Chapter VII.—Exhortation to consistency of conduct.

Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to the presbyters and others.

Chapter IX.—Duties of husbands, wives, parents, and children.

Chapter X.—Duties of masters and servants.

Chapter XI.—Inculcation of various moral duties.

Chapter XII.—Salutations.

Chapter XIII.—Salutations continued.

Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch

Chapter I.—Exhortations to earnestness and moderation.

Chapter II.—Cautions against false teachers.

Chapter III.—Exhortations as to ecclesiastical duties.

Chapter IV.—Servants and women are not to be despised.

Chapter V.—Various relative duties.

Chapter VI—Exhortations to purity and caution.

Chapter VII.—Solemn charge to Hero, as future bishop of Antioch.

Chapter VIII.—Salutations.

Chapter IX.—Concluding salutations and instructions.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philippians

Chapter I.—Reason for writing the epistle.

Chapter II.—Unity of the three divine persons.

Chapter III.—Christ was truly born, and died.

Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan.

Chapter V.—Apostrophe to Satan.

Chapter VI.—Continuation.

Chapter VII.—Continuation: inconsistency of Satan.

Chapter VIII.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.

Chapter IX.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.

Chapter X.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.

Chapter XI.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.

Chapter XII.—The meek reply of Christ.

Chapter XIII.—Various exhortations and directions.

Chapter XIV.—Farewells and cautions.

Chapter XV.—Salutations. Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle from Maria of Cassobelæ

Mary of Cassobelæ to Ignatius

Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.

Chapter II.—Youth may be allied with piety and discretion.

Chapter III.—Examples of youthful devotedness.

Chapter IV.—The same subject continued.

Chapter V.—Expressions of respect for Ignatius.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Mary at Neapolis

Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of her excellence and wisdom.

Chapter II.—His own condition.

Chapter III.—He had complied with her request.

Chapter IV.—Commendation and exhortation.

Chapter V.—Salutations and good wishes.

Click to expand or collapse this itemFirst Epistle to St John

Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him, to John the holy presbyter.

Click to expand or collapse this itemSecond Epistle to St John

His friend Ignatius to John the holy presbyter.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Mary the Virgin

Her friend Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle from Mary the Virgin

The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved fellow-disciple.

Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Martyrdom of Ignatius

Chapter I.—Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom.

Chapter II.—Ignatius is condemned by Trajan.

Chapter III.—Ignatius sails to Smyrna.

Chapter IV.—Ignatius writes to the churches.

Chapter V.—Ignatius is brought to Rome.

Chapter VI.—Ignatius is devoured by the beasts at Rome.

Chapter VII.—Ignatius appears in a vision after his death.

Click to expand or collapse this itemBARNABAS

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Epistle of Barnabas

Chapter I.—After the salutation, the writer declares that he would communicate to his brethren something of that which he had himself received.

Chapter II.—The Jewish sacrifices are now abolished.

Chapter III.—The fasts of the Jews are not true fasts, nor acceptable to God.

Chapter IV.—Antichrist is at hand: let us therefore avoid Jewish errors.

Chapter V.—The new covenant, founded on the sufferings of Christ, tends to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction.

Chapter VI.—The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant, were announced by the prophets.

Chapter VII.—Fasting, and the goat sent away, were types of Christ.

Chapter VIII.—The red heifer a type of Christ.

Chapter IX.—The spiritual meaning of circumcision.

Chapter X.—Spiritual significance of the precepts of Moses respecting different kinds of food.

Chapter XI.—Baptism and the cross prefigured in the Old Testament.

Chapter XII.—The cross of Christ frequently announced in the Old Testament.

Chapter XIII.—Christians, and not Jews, the heirs of the covenant.

Chapter XIV.—The Lord hath given us the testament which Moses received and broke.

Chapter XV.—The false and the true Sabbath.

Chapter XVI.—The spiritual temple of God.

Chapter XVII.—Conclusion of the first part of the epistle.

Chapter XVIII.—Second part of the epistle. The two ways.

Chapter XIX.—The way of light.

Chapter XX.—The way of darkness.

Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemPAPIAS

Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias

Click to expand or collapse this itemFragments

I. From the exposition of the oracles of the Lord.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

Click to expand or collapse this itemJUSTIN MARTYR

Introductory Note to the Writings of Justin Martyr

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe First Apology

Chapter I.—Address.

Chapter II.—Justice demanded.

Chapter III.—Claim of judicial investigation.

Chapter IV.—Christians unjustly condemned for their mere name.

Chapter V.—Christians charged with atheism.

Chapter VI.—Charge of atheism refuted.

Chapter VII.—Each Christian must be tried by his own life.

Chapter VIII.—Christians confess their faith in God.

Chapter IX.—Folly of idol worship.

Chapter X.—How God is to be served.

Chapter XI.—What kingdom Christians look for.

Chapter XII.—Christians live as under God’s eye.

Chapter XIII.—Christians serve God rationally.

Chapter XIV.—The demons misrepresent Christian doctrine.

Chapter XV.—What Christ himself taught.

Chapter XVI.—Concerning patience and swearing.

Chapter XVII.—Christ taught civil obedience.

Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the resurrection.

Chapter XIX.—The resurrection possible.

Chapter XX.—Heathen analogies to Christian doctrine.

Chapter XXI.—Analogies to the history of Christ.

Chapter XXII.—Analogies to the sonship of Christ.

Chapter XXIII.—The argument.

Chapter XXIV.—Varieties of heathen worship.

Chapter XXV.—False Gods abandoned by Christians.

Chapter XXVI.—Magicians not trusted by Christians.

Chapter XXVII.—Guilt of exposing children.

Chapter XXVIII.—God’s care for men.

Chapter XXIX.—Continence of Christians.

Chapter XXX.—Was Christ not a magician?

Chapter XXXI.—Of the Hebrew prophets.

Chapter XXXII.—Christ predicted by Moses.

Chapter XXXIII.—Manner of Christ’s birth predicted.

Chapter XXXIV.—Place of Christ’s birth foretold.

Chapter XXXV.—Other fulfilled prophecies.

Chapter XXXVI.—Different modes of prophecy.

Chapter XXXVII.—Utterances of the Father.

Chapter XXXVIII.—Utterances of the Son.

Chapter XXXIX.—Direct predictions by the Spirit.

Chapter XL.—Christ’s advent foretold.

Chapter XLI.—The crucifixion predicted.

Chapter XLII.—Prophecy using the past tense.

Chapter XLIII.—Responsibility asserted.

Chapter XLIV.—Not nullified by prophecy.

Chapter XLV.—Christ’s session in heaven foretold.

Chapter XLVI.—The Word in the world before Christ.

Chapter XLVII.—Desolation of Judæa foretold.

Chapter XLVIII.—Christ’s work and death foretold.

Chapter XLIX.—His rejection by the Jews foretold.

Chapter L.—His humiliation predicted.

Chapter LI.—The majesty of Christ.

Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.

Chapter LIII.—Summary of the prophecies.

Chapter LIV.—Origin of heathen mythology.

Chapter LV.—Symbols of the cross.

Chapter LVI.—The demons still mislead men.

Chapter LVII.—And cause persecution.

Chapter LVIII.—And raise up heretics.

Chapter LIX.—Plato’s obligation to Moses.

Chapter LX.—Plato’s doctrine of the cross.

Chapter LXI.—Christian baptism.

Chapter LXII.—Its imitation by demons.

Chapter LXIII.—How God appeared to Moses.

Chapter LXIV.—Further misrepresentations of the truth.

Chapter LXV.—Administration of the sacraments.

Chapter LXVI.—Of the Eucharist.

Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians.

Chapter LXVIII.—Conclusion.

Epistle of Adrian in behalf of the Christians.

Epistle of Antoninus to the common assembly of Asia.

Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the senate, in which he testifies that the Christians were the cause of his victory.

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Second Apology

Chapter I.—Introduction.

Chapter II.—Urbicus condemns the Christians to death.

Chapter III.—Justin accuses Crescens of ignorant prejudice against the Christians.

Chapter IV.—Why the Christians do not kill themselves.

Chapter V.—How the angels transgressed.

Chapter VI.—Names of God and of Christ, their meaning and power.

Chapter VII.—The world preserved for the sake of Christians. Man’s responsibility.

Chapter VIII.—All have been hated in whom the Word has dwelt.

Chapter IX.—Eternal punishment not a mere threat.

Chapter X.—Christ compared with Socrates.

Chapter XI.—How Christians view death.

Chapter XII.—Christians proved innocent by their contempt of death.

Chapter XIII.—How the Word has been in all men.

Chapter XIV.—Justin prays that this appeal be published.

Chapter XV.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemDialogue with Trypho

Chapter I.—Introduction.

Chapter II.—Justin describes his studies in philosophy.

Chapter III.—Justin narrates the manner of his conversion.

Chapter IV.—The soul of itself cannot see God.

Chapter V.—The soul is not in its own nature immortal.

Chapter VI.—These things were unknown to Plato and other philosophers.

Chapter VII.—The knowledge of truth to be sought from the prophets alone.

Chapter VIII.—Justin by his colloquy is kindled with love to Christ.

Chapter IX.—The Christians have not believed groundless stories.

Chapter X.—Trypho blames the Christians for this alone—the non-observance of the law.

Chapter XI.—The law abrogated; the New Testament promised and given by God.

Chapter XII.—The Jews violate the eternal law, and interpret ill that of Moses.

Chapter XIII.—Isaiah teaches that sins are forgiven through Christ’s blood.

Chapter XIV.—Righteousness is not placed in Jewish rites, but in the conversion of the heart given in baptism by Christ.

Chapter XV.—In what the true fasting consists.

Chapter XVI.—Circumcision given as a sign, that the Jews might be driven away for their evil deeds done to Christ and the Christians.

Chapter XVII.—The Jews sent persons through the whole earth to spread calumnies on Christians.

Chapter XVIII.—Christians would observe the law, if they did not know why it was instituted.

Chapter XIX.—Circumcision unknown before Abraham. The law was given by Moses on account of the hardness of their hearts.

Chapter XX.—Why choice of meats was prescribed.

Chapter XXI.—Sabbaths were instituted on account of the people’s sins, and not for a work of righteousness.

Chapter XXII.—So also were sacrifices and oblations.

Chapter XXIII.—The opinion of the Jews regarding the law does an injury to God.

Chapter XXIV.—The Christians’ circumcision far more excellent.

Chapter XXV.—The Jews boast in vain that they are sons of Abraham.

Chapter XXVI.—No salvation to the Jews except through Christ.

Chapter XXVII.—Why God taught the same things by the prophets as by Moses.

Chapter XXVIII.—True righteousness is obtained by Christ.

Chapter XXIX.—Christ is useless to those who observe the law.

Chapter XXX.—Christians possess the true righteousness.

Chapter XXXI.—If Christ’s power be now so great, how much greater at the second advent!

Chapter XXXII.—Trypho objecting that Christ is described as glorious by Daniel, Justin distinguishes two advents.

Chapter XXXIII.—Ps. cx. is not spoken of Hezekiah. He proves that Christ was first humble, then shall be glorious.

Chapter XXXIV.—Nor does Ps. lxxii. apply to Solomon, whose faults Christians shudder at.

Chapter XXXV.—Heretics confirm the Catholics in the faith.

Chapter XXXVI.—He proves that Christ is called Lord of Hosts.

Chapter XXXVII.—The same is proved from other Psalms.

Chapter XXXVIII.—It is an annoyance to the Jew that Christ is said to be adored. Justin confirms it, however, from Ps. xlv.

Chapter XXXIX.—The Jews hate the Christians who believe this. How great the distinction is between both!

Chapter XL.—He returns to the Mosaic laws, and proves that they were figures of the things which pertain to Christ.

Chapter XLI.—The oblation of fine flour was a figure of the Eucharist.

Chapter XLII.—The bells on the priest’s robe were a figure of the apostles.

Chapter XLIII.—He concludes that the law had an end in Christ, who was born of the Virgin.

Chapter XLIV.—The Jews in vain promise themselves salvation, which cannot be obtained except through Christ.

Chapter XLV.—Those who were righteous before and under the law shall be saved by Christ.

Chapter XLVI.—Trypho asks whether a man who keeps the law even now will be saved. Justin proves that it contributes nothing to righteousness.

Chapter XLVII.—Justin communicates with Christians who observe the law. Not a few Catholics do otherwise.

Chapter XLVIII.—Before the divinity of Christ is proved, he [Trypho] demands that it be settled that He is Christ.

Chapter XLIX.—To those who object that Elijah has not yet come, he replies that he is the precursor of the first advent.

Chapter L.—It is proved from Isaiah that John is the precursor of Christ.

Chapter LI.—It is proved that this prophecy has been fulfilled.

Chapter LII.—Jacob predicted two advents of Christ.

Chapter LIII.—Jacob predicted that Christ would ride on an ass, and Zechariah confirms it.

Chapter LIV.—What the blood of the grape signifies.

Chapter LV.—Trypho asks that Christ be proved God, but without metaphor. Justin promises to do so.

Chapter LVI.—God who appeared to Moses is distinguished from God the Father.

Chapter LVII.—The Jew objects, why is He said to have eaten, if He be God? Answer of Justin.

Chapter LVIII.—The same is proved from the visions which appeared to Jacob.

Chapter LIX.—God distinct from the Father conversed with Moses.

Chapter LX.—Opinions of the Jews with regard to Him who appeared in the bush.

Chapter LXI—Wisdom is begotten of the Father, as fire from fire.

Chapter LXII.—The words “Let Us make man” agree with the testimony of Proverbs.

Chapter LXIII.—It is proved that this God was incarnate.

Chapter LXIV.—Justin adduces other proofs to the Jew, who denies that he needs this Christ.

Chapter LXV.—The Jew objects that God does not give His glory to another. Justin explains the passage.

Chapter LXVI.—He proves from Isaiah that God was born from a virgin.

Chapter LXVII.—Trypho compares Jesus with Perseus; and would prefer [to say] that He was elected [to be Christ] on account of observance of the law. Justin speaks of the law as formerly.

Chapter LXVIII.—He complains of the obstinacy of Trypho; he answers his objection; he convicts the Jews of bad faith.

Chapter LXIX.—The devil, since he emulates the truth, has invented fables about Bacchus, Hercules, and Æsculapius.

Chapter LXX.—So also the mysteries of Mithras are distorted from the prophecies of Daniel and Isaiah.

Chapter LXXI.—The Jews reject the interpretation of the LXX., from which, moreover, they have taken away some passages.

Chapter LXXII.—Passages have been removed by the Jews from Esdras and Jeremiah.

Chapter LXXIII.—[The words] “From the wood” have been cut out of Ps. xcvi.

Chapter LXXIV.—The beginning of Ps. xcvi. is attributed to the Father [by Trypho]. But [it refers] to Christ by these words: “Tell ye among the nations that the Lord,” etc.

Chapter LXXV.—It is proved that Jesus was the name of God in the book of Exodus.

Chapter LXXVI.—From other passages the same majesty and government of Christ are proved.

Chapter LXXVII.—He returns to explain the prophecy of Isaiah.

Chapter LXXVIII.—He proves that this prophecy harmonizes with Christ alone, from what is afterwards written.

Chapter LXXIX.—He proves against Trypho that the wicked angels have revolted from God.

Chapter LXXX.—The opinion of Justin with regard to the reign of a thousand years. Several Catholics reject it.

Chapter LXXXI.—He endeavours to prove this opinion from Isaiah and the Apocalypse.

Chapter LXXXII.—The prophetical gifts of the Jews were transferred to the Christians.

Chapter LXXXIII.—It is proved that the Psalm, “The Lord said to My Lord,” etc., does not suit Hezekiah.

Chapter LXXXIV.—That prophecy, “Behold, a virgin,” etc., suits Christ alone.

Chapter LXXXV.—He proves that Christ is the Lord of Hosts from Ps. xxiv., and from his authority over demons.

Chapter LXXXVI.—There are various figures in the Old Testament of the wood of the cross by which Christ reigned.

Chapter LXXXVII.—Trypho maintains in objection these words: “And shall rest on Him,” etc. They are explained by Justin.

Chapter LXXXVIII.—Christ has not received the Holy Spirit on account of poverty.

Chapter LXXXIX.—The cross alone is offensive to Trypho on account of the curse, yet it proves that Jesus is Christ.

Chapter XC.—The stretched-out hands of Moses signified beforehand the cross.

Chapter XCI.—The cross was foretold in the blessings of Joseph, and in the serpent that was lifted up.

Chapter XCII.—Unless the scriptures be understood through God’s great grace, God will not appear to have taught always the same righteousness.

Chapter XCIII.—The same kind of righteousness is bestowed on all. Christ comprehends it in two precepts.

Chapter XCIV.—In what sense he who hangs on a tree is cursed.

Chapter XCV.—Christ took upon Himself the curse due to us.

Chapter XCVI.—That curse was a prediction of the things which the Jews would do.

Chapter XCVII.—Other predictions of the cross of Christ.

Chapter XCVIII.—Predictions of Christ in Ps. xxii.

Chapter XCIX.—In the commencement of the Psalm are Christ’s dying words.

Chapter C.—In what sense Christ is [called] Jacob, and Israel, and Son of Man.

Chapter CI.—Christ refers all things to the Father

Chapter CII.—The prediction of the events which happened to Christ when He was born. Why God permitted it.

Chapter CIII.—The Pharisees are the bulls: the roaring lion is Herod or the devil.

Chapter CIV.—Circumstances of Christ’s death are predicted in this Psalm.

Chapter CV.—The Psalm also predicts the crucifixion and the subject of the last prayers of Christ on Earth.

Chapter CVI.—Christ’s resurrection is foretold in the conclusion of the Psalm.

Chapter CVII.—The same is taught from the history of Jonah.

Chapter CVIII.—The resurrection of Christ did not convert the Jews. But through the whole world they have sent men to accuse Christ.

Chapter CIX.—The conversion of the Gentiles has been predicted by Micah.

Chapter CX.—A portion of the prophecy already fulfilled in the Christians: the rest shall be fulfilled at the second advent.

Chapter CXI.—The two advents were signified by the two goats. Other figures of the first advent, in which the Gentiles are freed by the blood of Christ.

Chapter CXII.—The Jews expound these signs jejunely and feebly, and take up their attention only with insignificant matters.

Chapter CXIII.—Joshua was a figure of Christ.

Chapter CXIV.—Some rules for discerning what is said about Christ. The circumcision of the Jews is very different from that which Christians receive.

Chapter CXV.—Prediction about the Christians in Zechariah. The malignant way which the Jews have in disputations.

Chapter CXVI.—It is shown how this prophecy suits the Christians.

Chapter CXVII.—Malachi’s prophecy concerning the sacrifices of the Christians. It cannot be taken as referring to the prayers of Jews of the dispersion.

Chapter CXVIII.—He exhorts to repentance before Christ comes; in whom Christians, since they believe, are far more religious than Jews.

Chapter CXIX.—Christians are the holy people promised to Abraham. They have been called like Abraham.

Chapter CXX.—Christians were promised to Isaac, Jacob, and Judah.

Chapter CXXI.—From the fact that the Gentiles believe in Jesus, it is evident that He is Christ.

Chapter CXXII.—The Jews understand this of the proselytes without reason.

Chapter CXXIII.—Ridiculous interpretations of the Jews. Christians are the true Israel.

Chapter CXXIV.—Christians are the sons of God.

Chapter CXXV.—He explains what force the word Israel has, and how it suits Christ.

Chapter CXXVI.—The various names of Christ according to both natures. It is shown that He is God, and appeared to the patriarchs.

Chapter CXXVII.—These passages of Scripture do not apply to the Father, but to the Word.

Chapter CXXVIII.—The Word is sent not as an inanimate power, but as a person begotten of the Father’s substance.

Chapter CXXIX.—That is confirmed from other passages of Scripture.

Chapter CXXX.—He returns to the conversion of the Gentiles, and shows that it was foretold.

Chapter CXXXI.—How much more faithful to God the Gentiles are who are converted to Christ than the Jews.

Chapter CXXXII.—How great the power was of the name of Jesus in the Old Testament.

Chapter CXXXIII.—The hard-heartedness of the Jews, for whom the Christians pray.

Chapter CXXXIV.—The marriages of Jacob are a figure of the Church.

Chapter CXXXV.—Christ is king of Israel, and Christians are the Israelitic race.

Chapter CXXXVI.—The Jews, in rejecting Christ, rejected God who sent him.

Chapter CXXXVII.—He exhorts the Jews to be converted.

Chapter CXXXVIII.—Noah is a figure of Christ, who has regenerated us by water, and faith, and wood: [i.e., the cross.]

Chapter CXXXIX.—The blessings, and also the curse, pronounced by Noah were prophecies of the future.

Chapter CXL.—In Christ all are free. The Jews hope for salvation in vain because they are sons of Abraham.

Chapter CXLI.—Free-will in men and angels.

Chapter CXLII.—The Jews return thanks, and leave Justin.

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Discourse to the Greeks

Chapter I.—Justin justifies his departure from Greek customs.

Chapter II.—The Greek theogony exposed.

Chapter III.—Follies of the Greek mythology.

Chapter IV.—Shameless practices of the Greeks.

Chapter V.—Closing appeal.

Click to expand or collapse this itemHortatory Address to the Greeks

Chapter I.—Reasons for addressing the Greeks.

Chapter II—The poets are unfit to be religious teachers.

Chapter III.—Opinions of the school of Thales.

Chapter IV.—Opinions of Pythagoras and Epicurus.

Chapter V.—Opinions of Plato and Aristotle.

Chapter VI.—Further disagreements between Plato and Aristotle.

Chapter VII.—Inconsistencies of Plato’s doctrine.

Chapter VIII.—Antiquity, inspiration, and harmony of Christian teachers.

Chapter IX.—The antiquity of Moses proved by Greek writers.

Chapter X—Training and inspiration of Moses.

Chapter XI.—Heathen oracles testify of Moses.

Chapter XII.—Antiquity of Moses proved.

Chapter XIII.—History of the Septuagint.

Chapter XIV.—A warning appeal to the Greeks.

Chapter XV.—Testimony of Orpheus to monotheism.

Chapter XVI.—Testimony of the Sibyl.

Chapter XVII.—Testimony of Homer.

Chapter XVIII.—Testimony of Sophocles.

Chapter XIX.—Testimony of Pythagoras.

Chapter XX.—Testimony of Plato.

Chapter XXI.—The namelessness of God.

Chapter XXII.—Studied ambiguity Plato.

Chapter XXIII.—Plato’s self-contradiction.

Chapter XXIV.—Agreement of Plato and Homer.

Chapter XXV.—Plato’s knowledge of God’s eternity.

Chapter XXVI.—Plato indebted to the prophets.

Chapter XXVII.—Plato’s knowledge of the judgment.

Chapter XXVIII.—Homer’s obligations to the sacred writers.

Chapter XXIX.—Origin of Plato’s doctrine of form.

Chapter XXX.—Homer’s knowledge of man’s origin.

Chapter XXXI.—Further proof of Plato’s acquaintance with Scripture.

Chapter XXXII.—Plato’s doctrine of the heavenly gift.

Chapter XXXIII.—Plato’s idea of the beginning of time drawn from Moses.

Chapter XXXIV.—Whence men attributed to God human form.

Chapter XXXV.—Appeal to the Greeks.

Chapter XXXVI.—True knowledge not held by the philosophers.

Chapter XXXVII.—Of the Sibyl.

Chapter XXXVIII.—Concluding appeal.

Click to expand or collapse this itemOn the Sole Government of God

Chapter I.—Object of the author.

Chapter II.—Testimonies to the unity of God.

Chapter III.—Testimonies to a future judgment.

Chapter IV.—God desires not sacrifices, but righteousness.

Chapter V.—The vain pretensions of false gods.

Chapter VI.—We should acknowledge one only God.

Click to expand or collapse this itemOn the Resurrection, Fragments

Chapter I.—The self-evidencing power of truth.

Chapter II.—Objections to the resurrection of the flesh.

Chapter III.—If the members rise, must they discharge the same functions as now?

Chapter IV.—Must the deformed rise deformed?

Chapter V.—The resurrection of the flesh is not impossible.

Chapter VI.—The resurrection consistent with the opinions of the philosophers.

Chapter VII.—The body valuable in God’s sight.

Chapter VIII.—Does the body cause the soul to sin?

Chapter IX.—The resurrection of Christ proves that the body rises.

Chapter X.—The body saved, and will therefore rise.

Click to expand or collapse this itemOther Fragments from the Lost Writings of Justin

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Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin Martyr

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Martyrdom of Justin Martyr

Chapter I.—Examination of Justin by the prefect.

Chapter II.—Examination of Justin continued.

Chapter III.—Examination of Chariton and others.

Chapter IV.—Rusticus threatens the Christians with death.

Chapter V.—Sentence pronounced and executed.

Click to expand or collapse this itemIRENÆUS

Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies

Click to expand or collapse this itemAgainst Heresies: Book I

Preface.

Chapter I.—Absurd ideas of the disciples of Valentinus as to the origin, name, order, and conjugal productions of their fancied Æons, with the passages of Scripture which they adapt to their opinions.

Chapter II.—The Propator was known to Monogenes alone. Ambition, disturbance, and danger into which Sophia fell; her shapeless offspring: she is restored by Horos. The production of Christ and of the Holy Spirit, in order to the completion of the Æons. Manner of the production of Jesus.

Chapter III.—Texts of Holy Scripture used by these heretics to support their opinions.

Chapter IV.—Account given by the heretics of the formation of Achamoth; origin of the visible world from her disturbances.

Chapter V.—Formation of the Demiurge; description of him. He is the creator of everything outside of the Pleroma.

Chapter VI.—The threefold kind of man feigned by these heretics: good works needless for them, though necessary to others: their abandoned morals.

Chapter VII.—The mother Achamoth, when all her seed are perfected, shall pass into the Pleroma, accompanied by those men who are spiritual; the Demiurge, with animal men, shall pass into the intermediate habitation; but all material men shall go into corruption. Their blasphemous opinions against the true incarnation of Christ by the Virgin Mary. Their views as to the prophecies. Stupid ignorance of the Demiurge.

Chapter VIII.—How the Valentinians pervert the Scriptures to support their own pious opinions.

Chapter IX.—Refutation of the impious interpretations of these heretics.

Chapter X.—Unity of the faith of the Church throughout the whole world.

Chapter XI.—The opinions of Valentinus, with those of his disciples and others.

Chapter XII.—The doctrines of the followers of Ptolemy and Colorbasus.

Chapter XIII.—The deceitful arts and nefarious practices of Marcus.

Chapter XIV.—The various hypotheses of Marcus and others. Theories respecting letters and syllables.

Chapter XV.—Sige relates to Marcus the generation of the twenty-four elements and of Jesus. Exposure of these absurdities.

Chapter XVI.—Absurd interpretations of the Marcosians.

Chapter XVII.—The theory of the Marcosians, that created things were made after the image of things invisible.

Chapter XVIII.—Passages from Moses, which the heretics pervert to the support of their hypothesis.

Chapter XIX.—Passages of Scripture by which they attempt to prove that the Supreme Father was unknown before the coming of Christ.

Chapter XX.—The apocryphal and spurious Scriptures of the Marcosians, with passages of the Gospels which they pervert.

Chapter XXI.—The views of redemption entertained by these heretics.

Chapter XXII.—Deviations of heretics from the truth.

Chapter XXIII.—Doctrines and practices of Simon Magus and Menander.