0A2.htm Check all Church
Early Historical Writings to See if You Can Find any
Mention of GodtheSon.htm or Trinity
before Tertullian See The Ante-Nicene
Christian library 0-325 The
Apostolic Fathers Below
Who introduced the term
Trinity
***Answer***Tertullian (ca. 155–230)
The Trinity Doctrine, Implies that The Word (Logos) Jesus is GOD
Many verses in John, the epistles, and Revelation Imply support for the doctrine that Jesus
Christ is God and the
closely related Concept of the Trinity--Jesus
as God ---Wikipedia--Uses
Modern Bibles That refuses to print God.’s Name
in it JesusAsGodWikipedia.htm-God YHWH 010.htm. All
Bibles that don’t use GOD’sΘεός Name in both
Testaments
They
Are Most Likely pro-Nicene-Creed Intentionally- Read -1Tim-1-17plus.htm & For English translations currently in liturgical use,
see the Nicene Creed in current use
Tertullian was a forerunner of
the Nicene doctrine, approaching
the subject from the standpoint of the
Logos doctrine-Compaare Tertullian
Trinity to what we have today-Open & Study-
SpecificTeachingsTertullianWritings.htm
& Compaare what we have today-Open-0A1.htm.
Tertullian 325 Minus 230
His Death Date = 115 years for supporters to try to
perfect the doctrine that Jesus
nor any
of the Bible Writters --never or ever--
mentioned.
Jesus As Θεός -Scriptural Fact Or Scribal Fantasy? Bible.org-Open & Study-Jesus As
Θεός GOD Bible.org
Where Were the Nicene Council Members When
God Was Creating Things- Open & Study- TrinityReferenceLibrary2.htm
Tertullian Introduced the term Trinity (-Theophilius to Autolycus -
115-181)- introduced the word Trinity in his Book 2, chapter 15 on the creation
of the 4th day) as the Latin trinitas, to the Christian vocabulary[2]
and also probably the formula "three Persons, one Substance" as the
Latin "tres Personae,
una
Substantia" (itself from the Koine Greek
"treis Hypostases, Homoousios"),
and also the terms vetus testamentum ("old testament") and novum
testamentum ("new testament").For Full article Open http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch
-- Apologetics
The Ante-Nicene
Christian library 0-325 The
Apostolic Fathers
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.toc.html
Open Table of Contents Schaff, Philip
(1819-1893)
Title Page
Preface
Introductory Notice
CLEMENT OF ROME
Introductory Note to the First Epistle of Clement to the
Corinthians
First Epistle to the Corinthians
Chapter I.—The salutation. Praise of the Corinthians before
the breaking forth of schism among them.
Chapter II.—Praise of the Corinthians continued.
Chapter III.—The sad state of the Corinthian church after
sedition arose in it from envy and emulation.
Chapter IV.—Many evils have already flowed from this source
in ancient times.
Chapter V.—No less evils have arisen from the same source in
the most recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul.
Chapter VI.—Continuation. Several other martyrs.
Chapter VII.—An exhortation to repentance.
Chapter VIII.—Continuation respecting repentance.
Chapter IX.—Examples of the saints.
Chapter X.—Continuation of the above.
Chapter XI.—Continuation. Lot.
Chapter XII.—The rewards of faith and hospitality. Rahab.
Chapter XIII.—An exhortation to humility.
Chapter XIV.—We should obey God rather than the authors of
sedition.
Chapter XV.—We must adhere to those who cultivate peace, not
to those who merely pretend to do so.
Chapter XVI.—Christ as an example of humility.
Chapter XVII.—The saints as examples of humility.
Chapter XVIII.—David as an example of humility.
Chapter XIX.—Imitating these examples, let us seek after
peace.
Chapter XX.—The peace and harmony of the universe.
Chapter XXI.—Let us obey God, and not the authors of
sedition.
Chapter XXII.—These exhortations are confirmed by the
Christian faith, which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct.
Chapter XXIII.—Be humble, and believe that Christ will come
again.
Chapter XXIV.—God continually shows us in nature that there
will be a resurrection.
Chapter XXV.—The phœnix an emblem of our resurrection.
Chapter XXVI.—We shall rise again, then, as the Scripture
also testifies.
Chapter XXVII.—In the hope of the resurrection, let us
cleave to the omnipotent and omniscient God.
Chapter XXVIII.—God sees all things: therefore let us avoid
transgression.
Chapter XXIX.—Let us also draw near to God in purity of
heart.
Chapter XXX.—Let us do those things that please God, and
flee from those He hates, that we may be blessed.
Chapter XXXI.—Let us see by what means we may obtain the
divine blessing.
Chapter XXXII.—We are justified not by our own works, but by
faith.
Chapter XXXIII.—But let us not give up the practice of good
works and love. God Himself is an example to us of good works.
Chapter XXXIV.—Great is the reward of good works with God.
Joined together in harmony, let us implore that reward from Him.
Chapter XXXV.—Immense is this reward. How shall we obtain
it?
Chapter XXXVI.—All blessings are given to us through Christ.
Chapter XXXVII.—Christ is our leader, and we His soldiers.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Let the members of the Church submit
themselves, and no one exalt himself above another.
Chapter XXXIX.—There is no reason for self-conceit.
Chapter XL.—Let us preserve in the Church the order
appointed by God.
Chapter XLI.—Continuation of the same subject.
Chapter XLII.—The order of ministers in the Church.
Chapter XLIII.—Moses of old stilled the contention which
arose concerning the priestly dignity.
Chapter XLIV.—The ordinances of the apostles, that there
might be no contention respecting the priestly office.
Chapter XLV.—It is the part of the wicked to vex the
righteous.
Chapter XLVI.—Let us cleave to the righteous: your strife is
pernicious.
Chapter XLVII.—Your recent discord is worse than the former
which took place in the times of Paul.
Chapter XLVIII.—Let us return to the practice of brotherly
love.
Chapter XLIX.—The praise of love.
Chapter L.—Let us pray to be thought worthy of love.
Chapter LI.—Let the partakers in strife acknowledge their
sins.
Chapter LII.—Such a confession is pleasing to God.
Chapter LIII.—The love of Moses towards his people.
Chapter LIV.—He who is full of love will incur every loss,
that peace may be restored to the Church.
Chapter LV.—Examples of such love.
Chapter LVI.—Let us admonish and correct one another.
Chapter LVII.—Let the authors of sedition submit themselves.
Chapter LVIII.—Blessings sought for all that call upon God.
Chapter LIX.—The Corinthians are exhorted speedily to send
back word that peace has been restored. The benediction.
MATHETES
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus
Epistle to Diognetus
Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.
Chapter II.—The vanity of idols.
Chapter III.—Superstitions of the Jews.
Chapter IV.—The other observances of the Jews.
Chapter V.—The manners of the Christians.
Chapter VI.—The relation of Christians to the world.
Chapter VII.—The manifestation of Christ.
Chapter VIII.—The miserable state of men before the coming
of the Word.
Chapter IX.—Why the Son was sent so late.
Chapter X.—The blessings that will flow from faith.
Chapter XI.—These things are worthy to be known and believed.
Chapter XII.—The importance of knowledge to true spiritual
life.
POLYCARP
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Polycarp to the
Philippians
Epistle to the Philippians
Chapter I.—Praise of the Philippians.
Chapter II.—An exhortation to virtue.
Chapter III.—Expressions of personal unworthiness.
Chapter IV.—Various exhortations.
Chapter V.—The duties of deacons, youths, and virgins.
Chapter VI.—The duties of presbyters and others.
Chapter VII.—Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere in fasting and
prayer.
Chapter VIII.—Persevere in hope and patience.
Chapter IX.—Patience inculcated.
Chapter X.—Exhortation to the practice of virtue.
Chapter XI.—Expression of grief on account of Valens.
Chapter XII.—Exhortation to various graces.
Chapter XIII.—Concerning the transmission of epistles.
Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Polycarp
The Martyrdom of Polycarp
Chapter I.—Subject of which we write.
Chapter II.—The wonderful constancy of the martyrs.
Chapter III.—The constancy of Germanicus. The death of
Polycarp is demanded.
Chapter IV.—Quintus the apostate.
Chapter V.—The departure and vision of Polycarp.
Chapter VI.—Polycarp is betrayed by a servant.
Chapter VII.—Polycarp is found by his pursuers.
Chapter VIII.—Polycarp is brought into the city.
Chapter IX.—Polycarp refuses to revile Christ.
Chapter X.—Polycarp confesses himself a Christian.
Chapter XI.—No threats have any effect on Polycarp.
Chapter XII.—Polycarp is sentenced to be burned.
Chapter XIII.—The funeral pile is erected.
Chapter XIV.—The prayer of Polycarp.
Chapter XV.—Polycarp is not injured by the fire.
Chapter XVI.—Polycarp is pierced by a dagger.
Chapter XVII.—The Christians are refused Polycarp’s body.
Chapter XVIII.—The body of Polycarp is burned.
Chapter XIX.—Praise of the martyr Polycarp.
Chapter XX.—This epistle is to be transmitted to the
brethren.
Chapter XXI.—The date of the martyrdom.
Chapter XXII.—Salutation.
IGNATIUS
Introductory Note to the Epistles of Ignatius
Epistle to the Ephesians: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter II.—Congratulations and entreaties.
Chapter III.—Exhortations to unity.
Chapter IV.—The same continued.
Chapter V.—The praise of unity.
Chapter VI.—Have respect to the bishop as to Christ Himself.
Chapter VII.—Beware of false teachers.
Chapter VIII.—Renewed praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter IX.—Ye have given no heed to false teachers.
Chapter X.—Exhortations to prayer, humility, etc.
Chapter XI.—An exhortation to fear God, etc.
Chapter XII.—Praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter XIII.—Exhortation to meet together frequently for
the worship of God.
Chapter XIV.—Exhortations to faith and love.
Chapter XV.—Exhortation to confess Christ by silence as well
as speech.
Chapter XVI.—The fate of false teachers.
Chapter XVII.—Beware of false doctrines.
Chapter XVIII.—The glory of the cross.
Chapter XIX.—Three celebrated mysteries.
Chapter XX.—Promise of another letter.
Chapter XX.—Exhortations to stedfastness and unity.
Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Magnesians: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Reason of writing the epistle.
Chapter II.—I rejoice in your messengers.
Chapter III.—Honour your youthful bishop.
Chapter IV.—Some wickedly act independently of the bishop.
Chapter V.—Death is the fate of all such.
Chapter VI.—Preserve harmony.
Chapter VII.—Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters.
Chapter VIII.—Caution against false doctrines.
Chapter IX.—Let us live with Christ.
Chapter X.—Beware of Judaizing.
Chapter XI.—I write these things to warn you.
Chapter XII.—Ye are superior to me.
Chapter XIII.—Be established in faith and unity.
Chapter XIV.—Your prayers requested.
Chapter XV.—Salutations.
Epistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of their excellence.
Chapter II.—Be subject to the bishop, etc.
Chapter III.—Honour the deacons, etc.
Chapter IV.—I have need of humility.
Chapter V.—I will not teach you profound doctrines.
Chapter VI.—Abstain from the poison of heretics.
Chapter VII.—The same continued.
Chapter VIII.—Be on your guard against the snares of the
devil.
Chapter IX.—Reference to the history of Christ.
Chapter X.—The reality of Christ’s passion.
Chapter XI.—Avoid the deadly errors of the Docetæ.
Chapter XII.—Continue in unity and love.
Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Romans: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—As a prisoner, I hope to see you.
Chapter II.—Do not save me from martyrdom.
Chapter III.—Pray rather that I may attain to martyrdom.
Chapter IV.—Allow me to fall a prey to the wild beasts.
Chapter V.—I desire to die.
Chapter VI.—By death I shall attain true life.
Chapter VII.—Reason of desiring to die.
Chapter VIII.—Be ye favourable to me.
Chapter IX.—Pray for the church in Syria.
Chapter X.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Praise of the bishop.
Chapter II.—Maintain union with the bishop.
Chapter III.—Avoid schismatics.
Chapter IV.—Have but one Eucharist, etc.
Chapter V.—Pray for me.
Chapter VI.—Do not accept Judaism.
Chapter VII.—I have exhorted you to unity.
Chapter VIII.—The same continued.
Chapter IX.—The Old Testament is good: the New Testament is
better.
Chapter X.—Congratulate the inhabitants of Antioch on the
close of the persecution.
Chapter XI.—Thanks and salutation.
Epistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Thanks to God for your faith.
Chapter II.—Christ’s true passion.
Chapter III.—Christ was possessed of a body after His
resurrection.
Chapter IV.—Beware of these heretics.
Chapter V.—Their dangerous errors.
Chapter VI—Unbelievers in the blood of Christ shall be
condemned.
Chapter VII.—Let us stand aloof from such heretics.
Chapter VIII.—Let nothing be done without the bishop.
Chapter IX.—Honour the bishop.
Chapter X.—Acknowledgment of their kindness.
Chapter XI.—Request to them to send a messenger to Antioch.
Chapter XII.—Salutations.
Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle to Polycarp: Shorter and Longer Versions
Chapter I.—Commendation and exhortation.
Chapter II.—Exhortations.
Chapter III.—Exhortations.
Chapter IV.—Exhortations.
Chapter V.—The duties of husbands and wives.
Chapter VI.—The duties of the Christian flock.
Chapter VII.—Request that Polycarp would send a messenger to
Antioch.
Chapter VIII.—Let other churches also send to Antioch.
Introductory Note to the Syriac Version of the Ignatian
Epistles
Epistle to Polycarp: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter VIII.
Epistle to the Ephesians: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter III.
Chapter VIII.
Chapter IX.
Chapter X.
Chapter XIV.
Chapter XV.
Chapter XVIII.
Chapter XIX.
Epistle to the Romans: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter IX.
Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of Ignatius
Epistle to the Tarsians
Chapter I.—His own sufferings: exhortation to stedfastness.
Chapter II.—Cautions against false doctrine.
Chapter III.—The true doctrine respecting Christ.
Chapter IV.—Continuation.
Chapter V.—Refutation of the previously mentioned errors.
Chapter VI.—Continuation.
Chapter VII.—Continuation.
Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to holiness and good order.
Chapter IX.—Exhortations to the discharge of relative
duties.
Chapter X.—Salutations.
Epistle to the Antiochians
Chapter I.—Cautions against error.
Chapter II.—The true doctrine respecting God and Christ.
Chapter III.—The same continued.
Chapter IV.—Continuation.
Chapter V.—Denunciation of false teachers.
Chapter VI.—Renewed cautions.
Chapter VII.—Exhortation to consistency of conduct.
Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to the presbyters and others.
Chapter IX.—Duties of husbands, wives, parents, and
children.
Chapter X.—Duties of masters and servants.
Chapter XI.—Inculcation of various moral duties.
Chapter XII.—Salutations.
Chapter XIII.—Salutations continued.
Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.
Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch
Chapter I.—Exhortations to earnestness and moderation.
Chapter II.—Cautions against false teachers.
Chapter III.—Exhortations as to ecclesiastical duties.
Chapter IV.—Servants and women are not to be despised.
Chapter V.—Various relative duties.
Chapter VI—Exhortations to purity and caution.
Chapter VII.—Solemn charge to Hero, as future bishop of
Antioch.
Chapter VIII.—Salutations.
Chapter IX.—Concluding salutations and instructions.
Epistle to the Philippians
Chapter I.—Reason for writing the epistle.
Chapter II.—Unity of the three divine persons.
Chapter III.—Christ was truly born, and died.
Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan.
Chapter V.—Apostrophe to Satan.
Chapter VI.—Continuation.
Chapter VII.—Continuation: inconsistency of Satan.
Chapter VIII.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.
Chapter IX.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.
Chapter X.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.
Chapter XI.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.
Chapter XII.—The meek reply of Christ.
Chapter XIII.—Various exhortations and directions.
Chapter XIV.—Farewells and cautions.
Chapter XV.—Salutations. Conclusion.
Epistle from Maria of Cassobelæ
Mary of Cassobelæ to Ignatius
Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.
Chapter II.—Youth may be allied with piety and discretion.
Chapter III.—Examples of youthful devotedness.
Chapter IV.—The same subject continued.
Chapter V.—Expressions of respect for Ignatius.
Epistle to Mary at Neapolis
Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of her excellence and wisdom.
Chapter II.—His own condition.
Chapter III.—He had complied with her request.
Chapter IV.—Commendation and exhortation.
Chapter V.—Salutations and good wishes.
First Epistle to St John
Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him, to John the
holy presbyter.
Second Epistle to St John
His friend Ignatius to John the holy presbyter.
Epistle to Mary the Virgin
Her friend Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary.
Epistle from Mary the Virgin
The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved
fellow-disciple.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Ignatius
The Martyrdom of Ignatius
Chapter I.—Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom.
Chapter II.—Ignatius is condemned by Trajan.
Chapter III.—Ignatius sails to Smyrna.
Chapter IV.—Ignatius writes to the churches.
Chapter V.—Ignatius is brought to Rome.
Chapter VI.—Ignatius is devoured by the beasts at Rome.
Chapter VII.—Ignatius appears in a vision after his death.
BARNABAS
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas
The Epistle of Barnabas
Chapter I.—After the salutation, the writer declares that he
would communicate to his brethren something of that which he had himself
received.
Chapter II.—The Jewish sacrifices are now abolished.
Chapter III.—The fasts of the Jews are not true fasts, nor
acceptable to God.
Chapter IV.—Antichrist is at hand: let us therefore avoid
Jewish errors.
Chapter V.—The new covenant, founded on the sufferings of
Christ, tends to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction.
Chapter VI.—The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant,
were announced by the prophets.
Chapter VII.—Fasting, and the goat sent away, were types of
Christ.
Chapter VIII.—The red heifer a type of Christ.
Chapter IX.—The spiritual meaning of circumcision.
Chapter X.—Spiritual significance of the precepts of Moses
respecting different kinds of food.
Chapter XI.—Baptism and the cross prefigured in the Old Testament.
Chapter XII.—The cross of Christ frequently announced in the
Old Testament.
Chapter XIII.—Christians, and not Jews, the heirs of the
covenant.
Chapter XIV.—The Lord hath given us the testament which
Moses received and broke.
Chapter XV.—The false and the true Sabbath.
Chapter XVI.—The spiritual temple of God.
Chapter XVII.—Conclusion of the first part of the epistle.
Chapter XVIII.—Second part of the epistle. The two ways.
Chapter XIX.—The way of light.
Chapter XX.—The way of darkness.
Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.
PAPIAS
Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias
Fragments
I. From the exposition of the oracles of the Lord.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
JUSTIN MARTYR
Introductory Note to the Writings of Justin Martyr
The First Apology
Chapter I.—Address.
Chapter II.—Justice demanded.
Chapter III.—Claim of judicial investigation.
Chapter IV.—Christians unjustly condemned for their mere
name.
Chapter V.—Christians charged with atheism.
Chapter VI.—Charge of atheism refuted.
Chapter VII.—Each Christian must be tried by his own life.
Chapter VIII.—Christians confess their faith in God.
Chapter IX.—Folly of idol worship.
Chapter X.—How God is to be served.
Chapter XI.—What kingdom Christians look for.
Chapter XII.—Christians live as under God’s eye.
Chapter XIII.—Christians serve God rationally.
Chapter XIV.—The demons misrepresent Christian doctrine.
Chapter XV.—What Christ himself taught.
Chapter XVI.—Concerning patience and swearing.
Chapter XVII.—Christ taught civil obedience.
Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the resurrection.
Chapter XIX.—The resurrection possible.
Chapter XX.—Heathen analogies to Christian doctrine.
Chapter XXI.—Analogies to the history of Christ.
Chapter XXII.—Analogies to the sonship of Christ.
Chapter XXIII.—The argument.
Chapter XXIV.—Varieties of heathen worship.
Chapter XXV.—False Gods abandoned by Christians.
Chapter XXVI.—Magicians not trusted by Christians.
Chapter XXVII.—Guilt of exposing children.
Chapter XXVIII.—God’s care for men.
Chapter XXIX.—Continence of Christians.
Chapter XXX.—Was Christ not a magician?
Chapter XXXI.—Of the Hebrew prophets.
Chapter XXXII.—Christ predicted by Moses.
Chapter XXXIII.—Manner of Christ’s birth predicted.
Chapter XXXIV.—Place of Christ’s birth foretold.
Chapter XXXV.—Other fulfilled prophecies.
Chapter XXXVI.—Different modes of prophecy.
Chapter XXXVII.—Utterances of the Father.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Utterances of the Son.
Chapter XXXIX.—Direct predictions by the Spirit.
Chapter XL.—Christ’s advent foretold.
Chapter XLI.—The crucifixion predicted.
Chapter XLII.—Prophecy using the past tense.
Chapter XLIII.—Responsibility asserted.
Chapter XLIV.—Not nullified by prophecy.
Chapter XLV.—Christ’s session in heaven foretold.
Chapter XLVI.—The Word in the world before Christ.
Chapter XLVII.—Desolation of Judæa foretold.
Chapter XLVIII.—Christ’s work and death foretold.
Chapter XLIX.—His rejection by the Jews foretold.
Chapter L.—His humiliation predicted.
Chapter LI.—The majesty of Christ.
Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.
Chapter LIII.—Summary of the prophecies.
Chapter LIV.—Origin of heathen mythology.
Chapter LV.—Symbols of the cross.
Chapter LVI.—The demons still mislead men.
Chapter LVII.—And cause persecution.
Chapter LVIII.—And raise up heretics.
Chapter LIX.—Plato’s obligation to Moses.
Chapter LX.—Plato’s doctrine of the cross.
Chapter LXI.—Christian baptism.
Chapter LXII.—Its imitation by demons.
Chapter LXIII.—How God appeared to Moses.
Chapter LXIV.—Further misrepresentations of the truth.
Chapter LXV.—Administration of the sacraments.
Chapter LXVI.—Of the Eucharist.
Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians.
Chapter LXVIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle of Adrian in behalf of the Christians.
Epistle of Antoninus to the common assembly of Asia.
Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the senate, in which he
testifies that the Christians were the cause of his victory.
The Second Apology
Chapter I.—Introduction.
Chapter II.—Urbicus condemns the Christians to death.
Chapter III.—Justin accuses Crescens of ignorant prejudice
against the Christians.
Chapter IV.—Why the Christians do not kill themselves.
Chapter V.—How the angels transgressed.
Chapter VI.—Names of God and of Christ, their meaning and
power.
Chapter VII.—The world preserved for the sake of Christians.
Man’s responsibility.
Chapter VIII.—All have been hated in whom the Word has
dwelt.
Chapter IX.—Eternal punishment not a mere threat.
Chapter X.—Christ compared with Socrates.
Chapter XI.—How Christians view death.
Chapter XII.—Christians proved innocent by their contempt of
death.
Chapter XIII.—How the Word has been in all men.
Chapter XIV.—Justin prays that this appeal be published.
Chapter XV.—Conclusion.
Dialogue with Trypho
Chapter I.—Introduction.
Chapter II.—Justin describes his studies in philosophy.
Chapter III.—Justin narrates the manner of his conversion.
Chapter IV.—The soul of itself cannot see God.
Chapter V.—The soul is not in its own nature immortal.
Chapter VI.—These things were unknown to Plato and other
philosophers.
Chapter VII.—The knowledge of truth to be sought from the
prophets alone.
Chapter VIII.—Justin by his colloquy is kindled with love to
Christ.
Chapter IX.—The Christians have not believed groundless
stories.
Chapter X.—Trypho blames the Christians for this alone—the
non-observance of the law.
Chapter XI.—The law abrogated; the New Testament promised
and given by God.
Chapter XII.—The Jews violate the eternal law, and interpret
ill that of Moses.
Chapter XIII.—Isaiah teaches that sins are forgiven through
Christ’s blood.
Chapter XIV.—Righteousness is not placed in Jewish rites,
but in the conversion of the heart given in baptism by Christ.
Chapter XV.—In what the true fasting consists.
Chapter XVI.—Circumcision given as a sign, that the Jews
might be driven away for their evil deeds done to Christ and the Christians.
Chapter XVII.—The Jews sent persons through the whole earth
to spread calumnies on Christians.
Chapter XVIII.—Christians would observe the law, if they did
not know why it was instituted.
Chapter XIX.—Circumcision unknown before Abraham. The law
was given by Moses on account of the hardness of their hearts.
Chapter XX.—Why choice of meats was prescribed.
Chapter XXI.—Sabbaths were instituted on account of the
people’s sins, and not for a work of righteousness.
Chapter XXII.—So also were sacrifices and oblations.
Chapter XXIII.—The opinion of the Jews regarding the law
does an injury to God.
Chapter XXIV.—The Christians’ circumcision far more
excellent.
Chapter XXV.—The Jews boast in vain that they are sons of
Abraham.
Chapter XXVI.—No salvation to the Jews except through
Christ.
Chapter XXVII.—Why God taught the same things by the
prophets as by Moses.
Chapter XXVIII.—True righteousness is obtained by Christ.
Chapter XXIX.—Christ is useless to those who observe the
law.
Chapter XXX.—Christians possess the true righteousness.
Chapter XXXI.—If Christ’s power be now so great, how much
greater at the second advent!
Chapter XXXII.—Trypho objecting that Christ is described as
glorious by Daniel, Justin distinguishes two advents.
Chapter XXXIII.—Ps. cx. is not spoken of Hezekiah. He proves
that Christ was first humble, then shall be glorious.
Chapter XXXIV.—Nor does Ps. lxxii. apply to Solomon, whose
faults Christians shudder at.
Chapter XXXV.—Heretics confirm the Catholics in the faith.
Chapter XXXVI.—He proves that Christ is called Lord of
Hosts.
Chapter XXXVII.—The same is proved from other Psalms.
Chapter XXXVIII.—It is an annoyance to the Jew that Christ
is said to be adored. Justin confirms it, however, from Ps. xlv.
Chapter XXXIX.—The Jews hate the Christians who believe
this. How great the distinction is between both!
Chapter XL.—He returns to the Mosaic laws, and proves that
they were figures of the things which pertain to Christ.
Chapter XLI.—The oblation of fine flour was a figure of the
Eucharist.
Chapter XLII.—The bells on the priest’s robe were a figure
of the apostles.
Chapter XLIII.—He concludes that the law had an end in
Christ, who was born of the Virgin.
Chapter XLIV.—The Jews in vain promise themselves salvation,
which cannot be obtained except through Christ.
Chapter XLV.—Those who were righteous before and under the
law shall be saved by Christ.
Chapter XLVI.—Trypho asks whether a man who keeps the law
even now will be saved. Justin proves that it contributes nothing to
righteousness.
Chapter XLVII.—Justin communicates with Christians who
observe the law. Not a few Catholics do otherwise.
Chapter XLVIII.—Before the divinity of Christ is proved, he
[Trypho] demands that it be settled that He is Christ.
Chapter XLIX.—To those who object that Elijah has not yet
come, he replies that he is the precursor of the first advent.
Chapter L.—It is proved from Isaiah that John is the
precursor of Christ.
Chapter LI.—It is proved that this prophecy has been
fulfilled.
Chapter LII.—Jacob predicted two advents of Christ.
Chapter LIII.—Jacob predicted that Christ would ride on an
ass, and Zechariah confirms it.
Chapter LIV.—What the blood of the grape signifies.
Chapter LV.—Trypho asks that Christ be proved God, but
without metaphor. Justin promises to do so.
Chapter LVI.—God who appeared to Moses is distinguished from
God the Father.
Chapter LVII.—The Jew objects, why is He said to have eaten,
if He be God? Answer of Justin.
Chapter LVIII.—The same is proved from the visions which
appeared to Jacob.
Chapter LIX.—God distinct from the Father conversed with
Moses.
Chapter LX.—Opinions of the Jews with regard to Him who
appeared in the bush.
Chapter LXI—Wisdom is begotten of the Father, as fire from
fire.
Chapter LXII.—The words “Let Us make man” agree with the
testimony of Proverbs.
Chapter LXIII.—It is proved that this God was incarnate.
Chapter LXIV.—Justin adduces other proofs to the Jew, who
denies that he needs this Christ.
Chapter LXV.—The Jew objects that God does not give His
glory to another. Justin explains the passage.
Chapter LXVI.—He proves from Isaiah that God was born from a
virgin.
Chapter LXVII.—Trypho compares Jesus with Perseus; and would
prefer [to say] that He was elected [to be Christ] on account of observance of
the law. Justin speaks of the law as formerly.
Chapter LXVIII.—He complains of the obstinacy of Trypho; he
answers his objection; he convicts the Jews of bad faith.
Chapter LXIX.—The devil, since he emulates the truth, has
invented fables about Bacchus, Hercules, and Æsculapius.
Chapter LXX.—So also the mysteries of Mithras are distorted
from the prophecies of Daniel and Isaiah.
Chapter LXXI.—The Jews reject the interpretation of the
LXX., from which, moreover, they have taken away some passages.
Chapter LXXII.—Passages have been removed by the Jews from
Esdras and Jeremiah.
Chapter LXXIII.—[The words] “From the wood” have been cut
out of Ps. xcvi.
Chapter LXXIV.—The beginning of Ps. xcvi. is attributed to
the Father [by Trypho]. But [it refers] to Christ by these words: “Tell ye
among the nations that the Lord,” etc.
Chapter LXXV.—It is proved that Jesus was the name of God in
the book of Exodus.
Chapter LXXVI.—From other passages the same majesty and
government of Christ are proved.
Chapter LXXVII.—He returns to explain the prophecy of
Isaiah.
Chapter LXXVIII.—He proves that this prophecy harmonizes
with Christ alone, from what is afterwards written.
Chapter LXXIX.—He proves against Trypho that the wicked
angels have revolted from God.
Chapter LXXX.—The opinion of Justin with regard to the reign
of a thousand years. Several Catholics reject it.
Chapter LXXXI.—He endeavours to prove this opinion from
Isaiah and the Apocalypse.
Chapter LXXXII.—The prophetical gifts of the Jews were
transferred to the Christians.
Chapter LXXXIII.—It is proved that the Psalm, “The Lord said
to My Lord,” etc., does not suit Hezekiah.
Chapter LXXXIV.—That prophecy, “Behold, a virgin,” etc.,
suits Christ alone.
Chapter LXXXV.—He proves that Christ is the Lord of Hosts
from Ps. xxiv., and from his authority over demons.
Chapter LXXXVI.—There are various figures in the Old
Testament of the wood of the cross by which Christ reigned.
Chapter LXXXVII.—Trypho maintains in objection these words:
“And shall rest on Him,” etc. They are explained by Justin.
Chapter LXXXVIII.—Christ has not received the Holy Spirit on
account of poverty.
Chapter LXXXIX.—The cross alone is offensive to Trypho on
account of the curse, yet it proves that Jesus is Christ.
Chapter XC.—The stretched-out hands of Moses signified
beforehand the cross.
Chapter XCI.—The cross was foretold in the blessings of
Joseph, and in the serpent that was lifted up.
Chapter XCII.—Unless the scriptures be understood through
God’s great grace, God will not appear to have taught always the same
righteousness.
Chapter XCIII.—The same kind of righteousness is bestowed on
all. Christ comprehends it in two precepts.
Chapter XCIV.—In what sense he who hangs on a tree is
cursed.
Chapter XCV.—Christ took upon Himself the curse due to us.
Chapter XCVI.—That curse was a prediction of the things
which the Jews would do.
Chapter XCVII.—Other predictions of the cross of Christ.
Chapter XCVIII.—Predictions of Christ in Ps. xxii.
Chapter XCIX.—In the commencement of the Psalm are Christ’s
dying words.
Chapter C.—In what sense Christ is [called] Jacob, and
Israel, and Son of Man.
Chapter CI.—Christ refers all things to the Father
Chapter CII.—The prediction of the events which happened to
Christ when He was born. Why God permitted it.
Chapter CIII.—The Pharisees are the bulls: the roaring lion
is Herod or the devil.
Chapter CIV.—Circumstances of Christ’s death are predicted
in this Psalm.
Chapter CV.—The Psalm also predicts the crucifixion and the
subject of the last prayers of Christ on Earth.
Chapter CVI.—Christ’s resurrection is foretold in the
conclusion of the Psalm.
Chapter CVII.—The same is taught from the history of Jonah.
Chapter CVIII.—The resurrection of Christ did not convert
the Jews. But through the whole world they have sent men to accuse Christ.
Chapter CIX.—The conversion of the Gentiles has been
predicted by Micah.
Chapter CX.—A portion of the prophecy already fulfilled in
the Christians: the rest shall be fulfilled at the second advent.
Chapter CXI.—The two advents were signified by the two
goats. Other figures of the first advent, in which the Gentiles are freed by
the blood of Christ.
Chapter CXII.—The Jews expound these signs jejunely and
feebly, and take up their attention only with insignificant matters.
Chapter CXIII.—Joshua was a figure of Christ.
Chapter CXIV.—Some rules for discerning what is said about
Christ. The circumcision of the Jews is very different from that which
Christians receive.
Chapter CXV.—Prediction about the Christians in Zechariah.
The malignant way which the Jews have in disputations.
Chapter CXVI.—It is shown how this prophecy suits the
Christians.
Chapter CXVII.—Malachi’s prophecy concerning the sacrifices
of the Christians. It cannot be taken as referring to the prayers of Jews of
the dispersion.
Chapter CXVIII.—He exhorts to repentance before Christ
comes; in whom Christians, since they believe, are far more religious than
Jews.
Chapter CXIX.—Christians are the holy people promised to
Abraham. They have been called like Abraham.
Chapter CXX.—Christians were promised to Isaac, Jacob, and
Judah.
Chapter CXXI.—From the fact that the Gentiles believe in
Jesus, it is evident that He is Christ.
Chapter CXXII.—The Jews understand this of the proselytes
without reason.
Chapter CXXIII.—Ridiculous interpretations of the Jews.
Christians are the true Israel.
Chapter CXXIV.—Christians are the sons of God.
Chapter CXXV.—He explains what force the word Israel has,
and how it suits Christ.
Chapter CXXVI.—The various names of Christ according to both
natures. It is shown that He is God, and appeared to the patriarchs.
Chapter CXXVII.—These passages of Scripture do not apply to the
Father, but to the Word.
Chapter CXXVIII.—The Word is sent not as an inanimate power,
but as a person begotten of the Father’s substance.
Chapter CXXIX.—That is confirmed from other passages of
Scripture.
Chapter CXXX.—He returns to the conversion of the Gentiles,
and shows that it was foretold.
Chapter CXXXI.—How much more faithful to God the Gentiles
are who are converted to Christ than the Jews.
Chapter CXXXII.—How great the power was of the name of Jesus
in the Old Testament.
Chapter CXXXIII.—The hard-heartedness of the Jews, for whom
the Christians pray.
Chapter CXXXIV.—The marriages of Jacob are a figure of the
Church.
Chapter CXXXV.—Christ is king of Israel, and Christians are
the Israelitic race.
Chapter CXXXVI.—The Jews, in rejecting Christ, rejected God
who sent him.
Chapter CXXXVII.—He exhorts the Jews to be converted.
Chapter CXXXVIII.—Noah is a figure of Christ, who has
regenerated us by water, and faith, and wood: [i.e., the cross.]
Chapter CXXXIX.—The blessings, and also the curse,
pronounced by Noah were prophecies of the future.
Chapter CXL.—In Christ all are free. The Jews hope for
salvation in vain because they are sons of Abraham.
Chapter CXLI.—Free-will in men and angels.
Chapter CXLII.—The Jews return thanks, and leave Justin.
The Discourse to the Greeks
Chapter I.—Justin justifies his departure from Greek
customs.
Chapter II.—The Greek theogony exposed.
Chapter III.—Follies of the Greek mythology.
Chapter IV.—Shameless practices of the Greeks.
Chapter V.—Closing appeal.
Hortatory Address to the Greeks
Chapter I.—Reasons for addressing the Greeks.
Chapter II—The poets are unfit to be religious teachers.
Chapter III.—Opinions of the school of Thales.
Chapter IV.—Opinions of Pythagoras and Epicurus.
Chapter V.—Opinions of Plato and Aristotle.
Chapter VI.—Further disagreements between Plato and
Aristotle.
Chapter VII.—Inconsistencies of Plato’s doctrine.
Chapter VIII.—Antiquity, inspiration, and harmony of
Christian teachers.
Chapter IX.—The antiquity of Moses proved by Greek writers.
Chapter X—Training and inspiration of Moses.
Chapter XI.—Heathen oracles testify of Moses.
Chapter XII.—Antiquity of Moses proved.
Chapter XIII.—History of the Septuagint.
Chapter XIV.—A warning appeal to the Greeks.
Chapter XV.—Testimony of Orpheus to monotheism.
Chapter XVI.—Testimony of the Sibyl.
Chapter XVII.—Testimony of Homer.
Chapter XVIII.—Testimony of Sophocles.
Chapter XIX.—Testimony of Pythagoras.
Chapter XX.—Testimony of Plato.
Chapter XXI.—The namelessness of God.
Chapter XXII.—Studied ambiguity Plato.
Chapter XXIII.—Plato’s self-contradiction.
Chapter XXIV.—Agreement of Plato and Homer.
Chapter XXV.—Plato’s knowledge of God’s eternity.
Chapter XXVI.—Plato indebted to the prophets.
Chapter XXVII.—Plato’s knowledge of the judgment.
Chapter XXVIII.—Homer’s obligations to the sacred writers.
Chapter XXIX.—Origin of Plato’s doctrine of form.
Chapter XXX.—Homer’s knowledge of man’s origin.
Chapter XXXI.—Further proof of Plato’s acquaintance with
Scripture.
Chapter XXXII.—Plato’s doctrine of the heavenly gift.
Chapter XXXIII.—Plato’s idea of the beginning of time drawn
from Moses.
Chapter XXXIV.—Whence men attributed to God human form.
Chapter XXXV.—Appeal to the Greeks.
Chapter XXXVI.—True knowledge not held by the philosophers.
Chapter XXXVII.—Of the Sibyl.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Concluding appeal.
On the Sole Government of God
Chapter I.—Object of the author.
Chapter II.—Testimonies to the unity of God.
Chapter III.—Testimonies to a future judgment.
Chapter IV.—God desires not sacrifices, but righteousness.
Chapter V.—The vain pretensions of false gods.
Chapter VI.—We should acknowledge one only God.
On the Resurrection, Fragments
Chapter I.—The self-evidencing power of truth.
Chapter II.—Objections to the resurrection of the flesh.
Chapter III.—If the members rise, must they discharge the
same functions as now?
Chapter IV.—Must the deformed rise deformed?
Chapter V.—The resurrection of the flesh is not impossible.
Chapter VI.—The resurrection consistent with the opinions of
the philosophers.
Chapter VII.—The body valuable in God’s sight.
Chapter VIII.—Does the body cause the soul to sin?
Chapter IX.—The resurrection of Christ proves that the body
rises.
Chapter X.—The body saved, and will therefore rise.
Other Fragments from the Lost Writings of Justin
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
The Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
Chapter I.—Examination of Justin by the prefect.
Chapter II.—Examination of Justin continued.
Chapter III.—Examination of Chariton and others.
Chapter IV.—Rusticus threatens the Christians with death.
Chapter V.—Sentence pronounced and executed.
IRENÆUS
Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies
Against Heresies: Book I
Preface.
Chapter I.—Absurd ideas of the disciples of Valentinus as to
the origin, name, order, and conjugal productions of their fancied Æons, with
the passages of Scripture which they adapt to their opinions.
Chapter II.—The Propator was known to Monogenes alone.
Ambition, disturbance, and danger into which Sophia fell; her shapeless
offspring: she is restored by Horos. The production of Christ and of the Holy
Spirit, in order to the completion of the Æons. Manner of the production of
Jesus.
Chapter III.—Texts of Holy Scripture used by these heretics
to support their opinions.
Chapter IV.—Account given by the heretics of the formation
of Achamoth; origin of the visible world from her disturbances.
Chapter V.—Formation of the Demiurge; description of him. He
is the creator of everything outside of the Pleroma.
Chapter VI.—The threefold kind of man feigned by these
heretics: good works needless for them, though necessary to others: their
abandoned morals.
Chapter VII.—The mother Achamoth, when all her seed are
perfected, shall pass into the Pleroma, accompanied by those men who are
spiritual; the Demiurge, with animal men, shall pass into the intermediate
habitation; but all material men shall go into corruption. Their blasphemous
opinions against the true incarnation of Christ by the Virgin Mary. Their views
as to the prophecies. Stupid ignorance of the Demiurge.
Chapter VIII.—How the Valentinians pervert the Scriptures to
support their own pious opinions.
Chapter IX.—Refutation of the impious interpretations of
these heretics.
Chapter X.—Unity of the faith of the Church throughout the
whole world.
Chapter XI.—The opinions of Valentinus, with those of his
disciples and others.
Chapter XII.—The doctrines of the followers of Ptolemy and
Colorbasus.
Chapter XIII.—The deceitful arts and nefarious practices of
Marcus.
Chapter XIV.—The various hypotheses of Marcus and others.
Theories respecting letters and syllables.
Chapter XV.—Sige relates to Marcus the generation of the
twenty-four elements and of Jesus. Exposure of these absurdities.
Chapter XVI.—Absurd interpretations of the Marcosians.
Chapter XVII.—The theory of the Marcosians, that created
things were made after the image of things invisible.
Chapter XVIII.—Passages from Moses, which the heretics
pervert to the support of their hypothesis.
Chapter XIX.—Passages of Scripture by which they attempt to
prove that the Supreme Father was unknown before the coming of Christ.
Chapter XX.—The apocryphal and spurious Scriptures of the
Marcosians, with passages of the Gospels which they pervert.
Chapter XXI.—The views of redemption entertained by these
heretics.
Chapter XXII.—Deviations of heretics from the truth.
Chapter XXIII.—Doctrines and practices of Simon Magus and
Menander.
Chapter XXIV.—Doctrines of Saturninus and Basilides.
Chapter XXV.—Doctrines of Carpocrates.
Chapter XXVI.—Doctrines of Cerinthus, the Ebionites, and
Nicolaitanes.
Chapter XXVII.—Doctrines of Cerdo and Marcion.
Chapter XXVIII.—Doctrines of Tatian, the Encratites, and
others.
Chapter XXIX.—Doctrines of various other Gnostic sects, and
especially of the Barbeliotes or Borborians.
Chapter XXX.—Doctrines of the Ophites and Sethians.
Chapter XXXI.—Doctrines of the Cainites.
Against Heresies: Book II
Preface.
Chapter I.—There is but one God: the impossibility of its
being otherwise.
Chapter II.—The world was not formed by angels, or by any
other being, contrary to the will of the most high God, but was made by the
Father through the Word.
Chapter III.—The Bythus and Pleroma of the Valentinians, as
well as the God of Marcion, shown to be absurd; the world was actually created
by the same Being who had conceived the idea of it, and was not the fruit of
defect or ignorance.
Chapter IV.—The absurdity of the supposed vacuum and defect
of the heretics is demonstrated.
Chapter V.—This world was not formed by any other beings
within the territory which is contained by the Father.
Chapter VI.—The angels and the Creator of the world could
not have been ignorant of the Supreme God.
Chapter VII.—Created things are not the images of those Æons
who are within the Pleroma.
Chapter VIII.—Created things are not a shadow of the
Pleroma.
Chapter IX.—There is but one Creator of the world, God the
Father: this the constant belief of the Church.
Chapter X.—Perverse interpretations of Scripture by the
heretics: God created all things out of nothing, and not from pre-existent
matter.
Chapter XI.—The heretics, from their disbelief of the truth,
have fallen into an abyss of error: reasons for investigating their systems.
Chapter XII.—The Triacontad of the heretics errs both by
defect and excess: Sophia could never have produced anything apart from her
consort; Logos and Sige could not have been contemporaries.
Chapter XIII.—The first order of production maintained by
the heretics is altogether indefensible.
Chapter XIV.—Valentinus and his followers derived the
principles of their system from the heathen; the names only are changed.
Chapter XV.—No account can be given of these productions.
Chapter XVI.—The Creator of the world either produced of
Himself the images of things to be made, or the Pleroma was formed after the
image of some previous system; and so on ad infinitum.
Chapter XVII.—Inquiry into the production of the Æons:
whatever its supposed nature, it is in every respect inconsistent; and on the
hypothesis of the heretics, even Nous and the Father Himself would be stained
with ignorance.
Chapter XVIII.—Sophia was never really in ignorance or
passion; her Enthymesis could not have been separated from herself, or
exhibited special tendencies of its own.
Chapter XIX.—Absurdities of the heretics as to their own
origin: their opinions respecting the Demiurge shown to be equally untenable
and ridiculous.
Chapter XX.—Futility of the arguments adduced to demonstrate
the sufferings of the twelfth Æon, from the parables, the treachery of Judas,
and the passion of our Saviour.
Chapter XXI.—The twelve apostles were not a type of the
Æons.
Chapter XXII.—The thirty Æons are not typified by the fact
that Christ was baptized in His thirtieth year: He did not suffer in the
twelfth month after His baptism, but was more than fifty years old when He
died.
Chapter XXIII.—The woman who suffered from an issue of blood
was no type of the suffering Æon.
Chapter XXIV.—Folly of the arguments derived by the heretics
from numbers, letters, and syllables.
Chapter XXV.—God is not to be sought after by means of
letters, syllables, and numbers; necessity of humility in such investigations.
Chapter XXVI.—“Knowledge puffeth up, but love edifieth.”
Chapter XXVII.—Proper mode of interpreting parables and
obscure passages of Scripture.
Chapter XXVIII.—Perfect knowledge cannot be attained in the
present life: many questions must be submissively left in the hands of God.
Chapter XXIX.—Refutation of the views of the heretics as to
the future destiny of the soul and body.
Chapter XXX.—Absurdity of their styling themselves
spiritual, while the Demiurge is declared to be animal.
Chapter XXXI.—Recapitulation and application of the
foregoing arguments.
Chapter XXXII.—Further exposure of the wicked and
blasphemous doctrines of the heretics.
Chapter XXXIII.—Absurdity of the doctrine of the
transmigration of souls.
Chapter XXXIV.—Souls can be recognised in the separate
state, and are immortal although they once had a beginning.
Chapter XXXV.—Refutation of Basilides, and of the opinion
that the prophets uttered their predictions under the inspiration of different
gods.
Against Heresies: Book III
Preface.
Chapter I.—The apostles did not commence to preach the
Gospel, or to place anything on record until they were endowed with the gifts
and power of the Holy Spirit. They preached one God alone, Maker of heaven and
earth.
Chapter II.—The heretics follow neither Scripture nor
tradition.
Chapter III.—A refutation of the heretics, from the fact
that, in the various Churches, a perpetual succession of bishops was kept up.
Chapter IV.—The truth is to be found nowhere else but in the
Catholic Church, the sole depository of apostolical doctrine. Heresies are of
recent formation, and cannot trace their origin up to the apostles.
Chapter V.—Christ and His apostles, without any fraud, deception,
or hypocrisy, preached that one God, the Father, was the founder of all things.
They did not accommodate their doctrine to the prepossessions of their hearers.
Chapter VI—The Holy Ghost, throughout the Old Testament
Scriptures, made mention of no other God or Lord, save him who is the true God.
Chapter VII.—Reply to an objection founded on the words of
St. Paul (2 Cor. iv. 4). St. Paul occasionally uses words not in their
grammatical sequence.
Chapter VIII.—Answer to an objection, arising from the words
of Christ (Matt. vi. 24). God alone is to be really called God and Lord, for He
is without beginning and end.
Chapter IX.—One and the same God, the Creator of heaven and
earth, is He whom the prophets foretold, and who was declared by the Gospel.
Proof of this, at the outset, from St. Matthew’s Gospel.
Chapter X.—Proofs of the foregoing, drawn from the Gospels
of Mark and Luke.
Chapter XI—Proofs in continuation, extracted from St. John’s
Gospel. The Gospels are four in number, neither more nor less. Mystic reasons
for this.
Chapter XII.—Doctrine of the rest of the apostles.
Chapter XIII—Refutation of the opinion, that Paul was the
only apostle who had knowledge of the truth.
Chapter XIV.—If Paul had known any mysteries unrevealed to
the other apostles, Luke, his constant companion and fellow-traveller, could
not have been ignorant of them; neither could the truth have possibly lain hid
from him, through whom alone we learn many and most important particulars of
the Gospel history.
Chapter XV.—Refutation of the Ebionites, who disparaged the
authority of St. Paul, from the writings of St. Luke, which must be received as
a whole. Exposure of the hypocrisy, deceit, and pride of the Gnostics. The
apostles and their disciples knew and preached one God, the Creator of the
world.
Chapter XVI.—Proofs from the apostolic writings, that Jesus
Christ was one and the same, the only begotten Son of God, perfect God and
perfect man.
Chapter XVII.—The apostles teach that it was neither Christ
nor the Saviour, but the Holy Spirit, who did descend upon Jesus. The reason
for this descent.
Chapter XVIII.—Continuation of the foregoing argument.
Proofs from the writings of St. Paul, and from the words of Our Lord, that
Christ and Jesus cannot be considered as distinct beings; neither can it be
alleged that the Son of God became man merely in appearance, but that He did so
truly and actually.
Chapter XIX.—Jesus Christ was not a mere man, begotten from
Joseph in the ordinary course of nature, but was very God, begotten of the
Father most high, and very man, born of the Virgin.
Chapter XX.—God showed himself, by the fall of man, as
patient, benign, merciful, mighty to save. Man is therefore most ungrateful,
if, unmindful of his own lot, and of the benefits held out to him, he do not
acknowledge divine grace.
Chapter XXI.—A vindication of the prophecy in Isa. vii. 14
against the misinterpretations of Theodotion, Aquila, the Ebionites, and the
Jews. Authority of the Septuagint version. Arguments in proof that Christ was
born of a virgin.
Chapter XXII.—Christ assumed actual flesh, conceived and
born of the Virgin.
Chapter XXIII.—Arguments in opposition to Tatian, showing
that it was consonant to divine justice and mercy that the first Adam should
first partake in that salvation offered to all by Christ.
Chapter XXIV.—Recapitulation of the various arguments
adduced against Gnostic impiety under all its aspects. The heretics, tossed
about by every blast of doctrine, are opposed by the uniform teaching of the
Church, which remains so always, and is consistent with itself.
Chapter XXV.—This world is ruled by the providence of one
God, who is both endowed with infinite justice to punish the wicked, and with
infinite goodness to bless the pious, and impart to them salvation.
Elucidation
Against Heresies: Book IV
Preface.
Chapter I.—The Lord acknowledged but one God and Father.
Chapter II.—Proofs from the plain testimony of Moses, and of
the other prophets, whose words are the words of Christ, that there is But one
God, the founder of the world, whom Our Lord preached, and whom He called His
Father.
Chapter III.—Answer to the cavils of the Gnostics. We are
not to suppose that the true God can be changed, or come to an end because the
heavens, which are His throne and the earth, His footstool, shall pass away.
Chapter IV.—Answer to another objection, showing that the
destruction of Jerusalem, which was the city of the great King, diminished
nothing from the supreme majesty and power of God, for that this destruction
was put in execution by the most wise counsel of the same God.
Chapter V.—The author returns to his former argument, and
shows that there was but one God announced by the law and prophets, whom Christ
confesses as His Father, and who, through His word, one living God with Him,
made Himself known to men in both covenants.
Chapter VI.—Explanation of the words of Christ, “No man
knoweth the Father, but the Son,” etc.; which words the heretics misinterpret.
Proof that, by the Father revealing the Son, and by the Son being revealed, the
Father was never unknown.
Chapter VII.—Recapitulation of the foregoing argument,
showing that Abraham, through the revelation of the Word, knew the Father, and
the coming of the Son of God. For this cause, he rejoiced to see the day of
Christ, when the promises made to him should be fulfilled. The fruit of this
rejoicing has flowed to posterity, viz., to those who are partakers in the
faith of Abraham, but not to the Jews who reject the Word of God.
Chapter VIII.—Vain attempts of Marcion and his followers,
who exclude Abraham from the salvation bestowed by Christ, who liberated not
only Abraham, but the seed of Abraham, by fulfilling and not destroying the law
when He healed on the Sabbath-day.
Chapter IX.—There is but one author, and one end to both
covenants.
Chapter X.—The Old Testament Scriptures, and those written
by Moses in particular, do everywhere make mention of the Son of God, and
foretell His advent and passion. From this fact it follows that they were
inspired by one and the same God.
Chapter XI.—The old prophets and righteous men knew
beforehand of the advent of Christ, and earnestly desired to see and hear Him,
He revealing himself in the Scriptures by the Holy Ghost, and without any
change in Himself, enriching men day by day with benefits, but conferring them
in greater abundance on later than on former generations.
Chapter XII.—It clearly appears that there was but one
author of both the old and the new law, from the fact that Christ condemned
traditions and customs repugnant to the former, while He confirmed its most
important precepts, and taught that He was Himself the end of the Mosaic law.
Chapter XIII.—Christ did not abrogate the natural precepts
of the law, but rather fulfilled and extended them. He removed the yoke and
bondage of the old law, so that mankind, being now set free, might serve God
with that trustful piety which becometh sons.
Chapter XIV.—If God demands obedience from man, if He formed
man, called him and placed him under laws, it was merely for man’s welfare; not
that God stood in need of man, but that He graciously conferred upon man His
favours in every possible manner.
Chapter XV.—At first God deemed it sufficient to inscribe
the natural law, or the Decalogue, upon the hearts of men; but afterwards He
found it necessary to bridle, with the yoke of the Mosaic law, the desires of
the Jews, who were abusing their liberty; and even to add some special
commands, because of the hardness of their hearts.
Chapter XVI.—Perfect righteousness was conferred neither by
circumcision nor by any other legal ceremonies. The Decalogue, however, was not
cancelled by Christ, but is always in force: men were never released from its
commandments.
Chapter XVII.—Proof that God did not appoint the Levitical
dispensation for His own sake, or as requiring such service; for He does, in
fact, need nothing from men.
Chapter XVIII.—Concerning sacrifices and oblations, and
those who truly offer them.
Chapter XIX.—Earthly things may be the type of heavenly, but
the latter cannot be the types of others still superior and unknown; nor can
we, without absolute madness, maintain that God is known to us only as the type
of a still unknown and superior being.
Chapter XX.—That one God formed all things in the world, by
means of the Word and the Holy Spirit: and that although He is to us in this
life invisible and incomprehensible, nevertheless He is not unknown; inasmuch
as His works do declare Him, and His Word has shown that in many modes He may
be seen and known.
Chapter XXI.—Abraham’s faith was identical with ours; this
faith was prefigured by the words and actions of the old patriarchs.
Chapter XXII.—Christ did not come for the sake of the men of
one age only, but for all who, living righteously and piously, had believed
upon Him; and for those, too, who shall believe.
Chapter XXIII.—The patriarchs and prophets by pointing out
the advent of Christ, fortified thereby, as it were, the way of posterity to
the faith of Christ; and so the labours of the apostles were lessened inasmuch
as they gathered in the fruits of the labours of others.
Chapter XXIV.—The conversion of the Gentiles was more
difficult than that of the Jews; the labours of those apostles, therefore who
engaged in the former task, were greater than those who undertook the latter.
Chapter XXV.—Both covenants were prefigured in Abraham, and
in the labour of Tamar; there was, however, but one and the same God to each
covenant.
Chapter XXVI.—The treasure hid in the Scriptures is Christ;
the true exposition of the Scriptures is to be found in the Church alone.
Chapter XXVII—The sins of the men of old time, which
incurred the displeasure of God, were, by His providence, committed to writing,
that we might derive instruction thereby, and not be filled with pride. We must
not, therefore, infer that there was another God than He whom Christ preached;
we should rather fear, lest the one and the same God who inflicted punishment
on the ancients, should bring down heavier upon us.
Chapter XXVIII.—Those persons prove themselves senseless who
exaggerate the mercy of Christ, but are silent as to the judgment, and look
only at the more abundant grace of the New Testament; but, forgetful of the
greater degree of perfection which it demands from us, they endeavour to show
that there is another God beyond Him who created the world.
Chapter XXIX.—Refutation of the arguments of the
Marcionites, who attempted to show that God was the author of sin, because He
blinded Pharaoh and his servants.
Chapter XXX.—Refutation of another argument adduced by the
Marcionites, that God directed the Hebrews to spoil the Egyptians.
Chapter XXXI.—We should not hastily impute as crimes to the
men of old time those actions which the Scripture has not condemned, but should
rather seek in them types of things to come: an example of this in the incest
committed by Lot.
Chapter XXXII.—That one God was the author of both
Testaments, is confirmed by the authority of a presbyter who had been taught by
the apostles.
Chapter XXXIII.—Whosoever confesses that one God is the author
of both Testaments, and diligently reads the Scriptures in company with the
presbyters of the Church, is a true spiritual disciple; and he will rightly
understand and interpret all that the prophets have declared respecting Christ
and the liberty of the New Testament.
Chapter XXXIV.—Proof against the Marcionites, that the
prophets referred in all their predictions to our Christ.
Chapter XXXV.—A refutation of those who allege that the
prophets uttered some predictions under the inspiration of the highest, others
from the Demiurge. Disagreements of the Valentinians among themselves with
regard to these same predictions.
Chapter XXXVI.—The prophets were sent from one and the same
Father from whom the Son was sent.
Chapter XXXVII.—Men are possessed of free will, and endowed
with the faculty of making a choice. It is not true, therefore, that some are
by nature good, and others bad.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Why man was not made perfect from the
beginning.
Chapter XXXIX.—Man is endowed with the faculty of
distinguishing good and evil; so that, without compulsion, he has the power, by
his own will and choice, to perform God’s commandments, by doing which he
avoids the evils prepared for the rebellious.
Chapter XL.—One and the same God the Father inflicts
punishment on the reprobate, and bestows rewards on the elect.
Chapter XLI.—Those persons who do not believe in God, but
who are disobedient, are angels and sons of the devil, not indeed by nature,
but by imitation. Close of this book, and scope of the succeeding one.
Against Heresies: Book V
Preface.
Chapter I.—Christ alone is able to teach divine things, and
to redeem us: He, the same, took flesh of the Virgin Mary, not merely in
appearance, but actually, by the operation of the Holy Spirit, in order to
renovate us. Strictures on the conceits of Valentinus and Ebion.
Chapter II.—When Christ visited us in His grace, He did not
come to what did not belong to Him: also, by shedding His true blood for us,
and exhibiting to us His true flesh in the Eucharist, He conferred upon our
flesh the capacity of salvation.
Chapter III.—The power and glory of God shine forth in the
weakness of human flesh, as He will render our body a participator of the
resurrection and of immortality, although He has formed it from the dust of the
earth; He will also bestow upon it the enjoyment of immortality, just as He
grants it this short life in common with the soul.
Chapter IV.—Those persons are deceived who feign another God
the Father besides the Creator of the world; for he must have been feeble and
useless, or else malignant and full of envy, if he be either unable or
unwilling to extend external life to our bodies.
Chapter V.—The prolonged life of the ancients, the
translation of Elijah and of Enoch in their own bodies, as well as the
preservation of Jonah, of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, in the midst of
extreme peril, are clear demonstrations that God can raise up our bodies to
life eternal.
Chapter VI.—God will bestow salvation upon the whole nature
of man, consisting of body and soul in close union, since the Word took it upon
Him, and adorned with the gifts of the Holy Spirit, of whom our bodies are, and
are termed, the temples.
Chapter VII.—Inasmuch as Christ did rise in our flesh, it
follows that we shall be also raised in the same; since the resurrection
promised to us should not be referred to spirits naturally immortal, but to
bodies in themselves mortal.
Chapter VIII.—The gifts of the Holy Spirit which we receive
prepare us for incorruption, render us spiritual, and separate us from carnal
men. These two classes are signified by the clean and unclean animals in the
legal dispensation.
Chapter IX.—Showing how that passage of the apostle which the
heretics pervert, should be understood; viz., “Flesh and blood shall not
possess the kingdom of God.”
Chapter X.—By a comparison drawn from the wild olive-tree,
whose quality but not whose nature is changed by grafting, he proves more
important things; he points out also that man without the Spirit is not capable
of bringing forth fruit, or of inheriting the kingdom of God.
Chapter XI.—Treats upon the actions of carnal and of
spiritual persons; also, that the spiritual cleansing is not to be referred to
the substance of our bodies, but to the manner of our former life.
Chapter XII.—Of the difference between life and death; of
the breath of life and the vivifying Spirit: also how it is that the substance
of flesh revives which once was dead.
Chapter XIII.—In the dead who were raised by Christ we
possess the highest proof of the resurrection; and our hearts are shown to be
capable of life eternal, because they can now receive the Spirit of God.
Chapter XIV.—Unless the flesh were to be saved, the Word
would not have taken upon Him flesh of the same substance as ours: from this it
would follow that neither should we have been reconciled by Him.
Chapter XV.—Proofs of the resurrection from Isaiah and
Ezekiel; the same God who created us will also raise us up.
Chapter XVI.—Since our bodies return to the earth, it
follows that they have their substance from it; also, by the advent of the
Word, the image of God in us appeared in a clearer light.
Chapter XVII.—There is but one Lord and one God, the Father
and Creator of all things, who has loved us in Christ, given us commandments,
and remitted our sins; whose Son and Word Christ proved Himself to be, when He
forgave our sins.
Chapter XVIII.—God the Father and His Word have formed all
created things (which They use) by Their own power and wisdom, not out of
defect or ignorance. The Son of God, who received all power from the Father,
would otherwise never have taken flesh upon Him.
Chapter XIX.—A comparison is instituted between the
disobedient and sinning Eve and the Virgin Mary, her patroness. Various and
discordant heresies are mentioned.
Chapter XX.—Those pastors are to be heard to whom the
apostles committed the Churches, possessing one and the same doctrine of
salvation; the heretics, on the other hand, are to be avoided. We must think
soberly with regard to the mysteries of the faith.
Chapter XXI.—Christ is the head of all things already
mentioned. It was fitting that He should be sent by the Father, the Creator of
all things, to assume human nature, and should be tempted by Satan, that He
might fulfil the promises, and carry off a glorious and perfect victory.
Chapter XXII.—The true Lord and the one God is declared by
the law, and manifested by Christ His Son in the Gospel; whom alone we should
adore, and from Him we must look for all good things, not from Satan.
Chapter XXIII.—The devil is well practised in falsehood, by
which Adam having been led astray, sinned on the sixth day of the creation, in
which day also he has been renewed by Christ.
Chapter XXIV.—Of the constant falsehood of the devil, and of
the powers and governments of the world, which we ought to obey, inasmuch as
they are appointed of God, not of the devil.
Chapter XXV.—The fraud, pride, and tyrannical kingdom of
Antichrist, as described by Daniel and Paul.
Chapter XXVI.—John and Daniel have predicted the dissolution
and desolation of the Roman Empire, which shall precede the end of the world
and the eternal kingdom of Christ. The Gnostics are refuted, those tools of
Satan, who invent another Father different from the Creator.
Chapter XXVII.—The future judgment by Christ. Communion with
and separation from the divine being. The eternal punishment of unbelievers.
Chapter XXVIII.—The distinction to be made between the
righteous and the wicked. The future apostasy in the time of Antichrist, and
the end of the world.
Chapter XXIX.—All things have been created for the service
of man. The deceits, wickedness, and apostate power of Antichrist. This was
prefigured at the deluge, as afterwards by the persecution of Shadrach,
Meshach, and Abednego.
Chapter XXX.—Although certain as to the number of the name
of Antichrist, yet we should come to no rash conclusions as to the name itself,
because this number is capable of being fitted to many names. Reasons for this
point being reserved by the Holy Spirit. Antichrist’s reign and death.
Chapter XXXI.—The preservation of our bodies is confirmed by
the resurrection and ascension of Christ: the souls of the saints during the
intermediate period are in a state of expectation of that time when they shall
receive their perfect and consummated glory.
Chapter XXXII.—In that flesh in which the saints have
suffered so many afflictions, they shall receive the fruits of their labours;
especially since all creation waits for this, and God promises it to Abraham
and his seed.
Chapter XXXIII.—Further proofs of the same proposition, drawn
from the promises made by Christ, when He declared that He would drink of the
fruit of the vine with His disciples in His Father’s kingdom, while at the same
time He promised to reward them an hundred-fold, and to make them partake of
banquets. The blessing pronounced by Jacob had pointed out this already, as
Papias and the elders have interpreted it.
Chapter XXXIV.—He fortifies his opinions with regard to the
temporal and earthly kingdom of the saints after their resurrection, by the
various testimonies of Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, and Daniel; also by the
parable of the servants watching, to whom the Lord promised that He would
minister.
Chapter XXXV.—He contends that these testimonies already
alleged cannot be understood allegorically of celestial blessings, but that
they shall have their fulfilment after the coming of Antichrist, and the
resurrection, in the terrestrial Jerusalem. To the former prophecies he
subjoins others drawn from Isaiah, Jeremiah, and the Apocalypse of John.
Chapter XXXVI.—Men shall be actually raised: the world shall
not be annihilated; but there shall be various mansions for the saints,
according to the rank allotted to each individual. All things shall be subject
to God the Father, and so shall He be all in all.
Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
XLIV.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIII.
XLIX.
L.
LI.
LII.
LIII.
LIV.
LV.
Indexes
Subject Index
Index of Scripture References
Greek Words and Phrases
Hebrew Words and Phrases
Index of Pages of the Print Edition
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